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50126,1Chherlung Thulo Kulo IrrigationA network of canals inside Chherlung. The network (resource) receives water from the Brangdhi Khola (a river) via a 6.5km canal.3,5-17,59000,5-1-2-2122-22,52,5-22,51,52,5-21,54,54,5-1-111101938.51,51,52,5-234392,5-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Barangdi Khola1,5Shared by running the mill by the beneficiaries. Income collected from this mill.2,41,42Chherlung Thulo Kulo is a farmer-constructed and farmer-managed irrigation system. Allocation of water is by purchased share, water ownership rights are distinct from land ownership. All share owners participate in maintaining the canal (7 teams, each on duty one day a week). Team leaders sit on the canal committee which also includes an organization leader, record keeper, and two honorary members. Participation in working on the canal and contributions of money towards its upkeep are proportional to number of shares held. There is an established system of fines for stealing water, fouling the canal, not reporting for work or responding in emergencies, and so on. Distinguishing features of this canal system are well-defined rules, written records, allocation by shares, setting up an elaborate and well-defined organization without models to copy, prioritizing repairs and development, and the pride of the share owners in their organization.5,55,56,56500During the past 25 years, several times, the farmers received grants for the improvements from the District Panchayat.1,5
50137,1Argali Raj Kulo IrrigationA network of canals inside Argali. The network (resource) receives water from the Kurung Khola (stream) via a canal.3,5-110,33000,5-1-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,54,54,563054011101588.52,51,52,4-246,546,52,5-2Besides Raj Kulo, there are three other different canals (Mahili Kulo, Sahili Kulo, and Kanchhi Kulo) from the same Karung Khola. (IIMI, 1989)1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Kurung Khola1,5No dispute. Rights clearly defined.2,53,52Raj Kulo is an irrigation system built more than 300 years ago. The system has been significantly improved by the farmers and the Department of Irrigation in the last 25 years. Water is allocated in proportion to land area for monsoon rice. When supply is insufficient for continuous flow, a timed rotation system of distribution is initiated. Farmers have to spend a large amount of labor maintaining the system. The authors argue that since farmers cannot transfer water rights independent of land holdings, this leads to inefficient uses of water.5,55,56,53000,4Much of the improvement in the Argali Raj Kulo has taken place in the past 25 years after tenants become owners of the land. Used fines collected to improve the system. DOI lined part of the canal in 1982.1,5
50506,1Chattis Mauja Irrigation System (Kumari Irrigation)5,5-144,312000,5-1-2-26,32-2-1-1-1-11,31,32,31,34,31,3-1-1111018331,51,52,3-23000,5-12,3-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Tinau River1,5Five irrigation systems share water from Tinau river. 37% of discharge goes to Chhatis Mauja, 25% to Siraha Mauja, 37% to other 3 systems. for the sharig of water and improvement of the river, the Tinau committee was formed with the represntatives from each irrigation committee.2,51,52Pradhan first discusses general features of community managed irrigation in Nepal. He continues to discuss the details about the institutional arrangements of a particular system which irrigates 3000 hectares of land in 54 villages. Three tier organizational structures were formed within the system and specific job descriptions were given to each tier – a village committee in each Mauja, nine regional committees each covering six village committees and one central committee. The written regulation to administer the system was approved by general assembly of the water users and was put into effect from 1979. Maintenance of the system before the monsoon break was the major management work the committees undertook. About 60,000 people were mobilized for the maintenance of the main canal.5,33,36,3-2This system is a large community managed irrigation system covering 54 villages.2,3
50608,1Chhahare Khola Ko KuloThe Kulo diverts water from Chhahare Khola. It runs across steep slopes and consequently cross-sections vary significantly.3,5-1-12540,5-13,3-112,51‘Food for Work’ Programme2,5-2-23,42,52,3-22,4-24,5-1-101982.52,55,52,5-215,565,52,5-2-21,4-2-21,5-2-21,41,5Chhahare Khola-1-12,52,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,51,56,5-2-22,5
50608,2Chhahare Khola Ko KuloThe Kulo diverts water from Chhahare Khola. It runs across steep slopes and consequently cross-sections vary significantly. But cross-sections are uniform after WECS/IIMI improvement in 1988.3,56540,56,52540,54000,5-2-212,51‘Food for Work’ Programme2,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,52,54,5-1-111101982.52,55,52,5-2163,5163,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Chhahare Khola1,5There are several water mills downstream, but no dispute.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,51,56,5-2Irrigation improvement by WECS/IIMI in 1988.1,5
50609,1Naya Dhara Khola Ko KuloThe Naya Dhara Ko Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo, a perennial spring-fed stream. The canal alignment is along the rock out-crop, stone and boulder reaches.3,52120,5-1-1-1-1-112,52-22,4-2-23,52,51,51,51,51,53,5-1-101974.51,51,52,5-255,560,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Khulo1,5There are several Ghattas installed on the track as well as on the off-track of the canal using water from Handi Kholo. During low flow season, stealing of water by Ghattas’ owners is common. As appropriators have the right to use water, they are supposed to guard the water at the headwork. Also, there are several irrigation systems originating from the Handi Kholo.2,51,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,51,46,5-2Improved by financial aid by DIHM, HMG/N, in 1979.1,5
50609,2Naya Dhara Khola Ko KuloThe Naya Dhara Ko Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo, a perennial spring-fed stream. The canal alignment is along the rock out-crop, stone and boulder reaches.3,53620,53,52120,51500,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,51,52,5-23,5-1-111101974.51,51,52,5-2110,5110,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5There are several Ghattas installed on the track as well as on the off-track of the canal using water from Handi Kholo. During low flow season, stealing of water by Ghattas’ owners is common. As appropriators have the right to use water, they are supposed to guard the water at the headwork. Also, there are several irrigation systems originating from the Handi Kholo.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5100,5(a) Improved by financial aid by DIHM, HMG/N, in 1979. (b) WECS/IIMI in 1988.1,5
50610,1Besi KuloThe Besi Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo, a perennial snow-fed stream. There is one additional source named Chisapani Kholso that taps into irrigate part of irrigated land in Dhap village.3,53350,51,2-1-1-1-112,52-22,4-2-23,42,51,51,51,51,54,3-1-101895.51,51,52,5-265,580,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5There are four Ghattas installed along the canal. Stealing of water by these Ghattas is common, which might have made farmers inactive in maintenance. The Subedar Ko Kulo, Dhap Kulo, and the Naya Dhara Ko Kulo are also diverted from Handi Kholo.2,52,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5300,5The canal was originally constructed to serve Kot village. At about 1905, the canal was improved and extended to Dhap village. The extension work was done by the farmers.1,5
50610,2Besi KuloThe Besi Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo, a perennial snow-fed stream. There is one additional source named Chisapani Kholso that taps into irrigate part of irrigated land in Dhap village.3,53350,510,51350,52000,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,51,52,5-23,5-1-111101895.51,51,52,5-285,585,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5There are four Ghattas (local water mills) installed along the canal. Stealing of water by these Ghattas is common, which might have made farmers inactive in maintenance. The Subedar Ko Kulo, Dhap Kulo, and the Naya Dhara Ko Kulo are also diverted from Handi Kholo.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5200,5The canal was originally constructed to serve Kot village. At about 1905, the canal was improved and extended to Dhap village. The extension work was done by the farmers. 1988 WEC-IIMI1,5
50611,1Subedar Ko KuloThe off-take of the Subedar Ko Kulo is in Handi Kholo. The canal lies in Dhap Village and runs through steep hard rock.3,51200,5-1-1-1-1-112,52-12,5-2-23,52,51,52,51,51,54,4-1-101938.51,51,52,5-240,5150,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara Ko Kulo, Besi, Dhap, Soti Begar, Dovan Swar. No big problems of water rights among systems.2,52,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,41,46,4-2In 1982 and 1985, the government granted assistance for the construction of the headwork.1,5
50611,2Subedar Ko KuloThe off-take of the Subedar Ko Kulo is in Handi Kholo. The canal lies in Dhap Village and runs through steep hard rock.3,51300,51,5100,51200,5-2-212,52-2.2,5-2-23,51,52,5-22,5-23,5-1-111101938.51,51,52,5-240,5150,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara Ko Kulo, Besi, Dhap, Soti Begar, Dovan Swar. No big problems of water rights among systems.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,4100,5In 1982 and 1985, the government granted assistance for the construction of the headwork. In 1988, WECS/IIMI provided assistance.1,5
50612,1Dhap KuloThe Dhap Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo. The command area lies in Dhap Village.3,52280,51,22280,5-1-1-112,52-12,5-2-23,52,51,52,41,51,54,4-1-101953.51,5-12,5Subedar Ko Kulo70,5110,52,5-2Canals of Subedar Ko Kulo and Dhap Kulo serve the same command area and have the same headwork. Dhap Kulo utilizes the leakage water from Subedar Ko Kulo.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared by an additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara, Besi, Subedar, Soti Begar, Dovan Swar. No big problems of water rights among systems.2,52,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,41,46,4-2-22,4
50612,2Dhap KuloThe Dhap Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo. The command area lies in Dhap Village.3,52280,56,51080,51200,5-2-212,52-2.1,51,51,52,51,51,52,52,5-24,4-1-111101953.51,5-22,5Subedar Ko Kulo50,570,52,5-2Canals of Subedar Ko Kulo and Dhap Kulo serve the same command area and have the same headwork. Dhap Kulo utilizes the intake of the Subedar Ko Kulo, and the mill owner maintain and operate the cnal.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared by an additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara, Besi, Subedar, Soti Begar, Dovan Swar. No big problems of water rights among systems. This canal is shared by Subedarko Kulo System.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5100,5WECS/IIMI (1988).1,5
50613,1Soti Bagar Ko KuloThe Soti Bagar Ko Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo. The command area lies in Ward No.5 of Lekhark Tar Village in Thamlangtar Dhap Village Panchayat.3,52020,5-1-1-1-1-112,52-22,5-2-23,42,5-1-1-1-14,4-1-101975.51,51,52,5-212,534,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared by additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara, Besi, Subedar, Dhap, Devan Swar Ko Kulo. No big conflicts of water rights between systems.2,52,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,51,46,4-2-22,5
50613,2Soti Bagar Ko KuloThe Soti Bagar Ko Kulo is diverted from Handi Kholo. The command area lies in Ward No.5 of Lekhark Tar Village in Thamlangtar Dhap Village Panchayat.3,52020,54,51120,5900,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-22,5-24,5-1-111101975.51,51,52,5-230,530,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared by additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara, Besi, Subedar, Dhap, Devan Swar Ko Kulo. No big conflicts of water rights between systems due to snow fed stream.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,55,56,51000,5WECS/IIMI provided Rs. 150,699 in 1988 to rehabilitate/expand the system.1,5
50614,1Dovan Swar Ko Kulo (Dobhan Swar Kulo)The Dovan Swar Ko Kulo is diverted from Handi Khola. The off-take lies at Bhute Ko Chhango at Thamlangtar Dhap Village Panchayat.3,51470,5-1-1-1-1-112,52-22,4-2-23,52,4-1-1-1-14,4-1-101979.51,51,52,5-25,515,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared by additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara, Besi, Subedar Dhap, Soti Bagar. No big conflicts of water rights among systems.2,53,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,51,46,5-2-22,5
50614,2Dovan Swar Ko Kulo (Dobhan Swar Kulo)The Dovan Swar Ko Kulo is diverted from Handi Khola. The off-take lies at Bhute Ko Chhango at Thampal Dhap Village Panchayat.3,51870,52,51470,5400,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-22,5-24,5-1-111101979.51,51,52,5-212,512,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Handi Kholo1,5Shared by additional 5 systems: Naya Dhara, Besi, Subedar Dhap, Soti Bagar. No big conflicts of water rights among systems.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5300,5WECS/IIMI in 1988.1,5
50615,1Magar KuloThe canal is diverted from Mahadev Kholo. The intake is located at the confluence of Bhote Namlang Kholso and Mahadev Kholo.3,54220,5-1-1-1-1-1122-22,4-2-23,42,41,3-11,3-14,5-1-101895.51,51,52,5-2160,5238,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Mahadev Kholo1,5Shared by additional 3 systems: Siran, Majha, Ghatta Muhan. This system has alternative sources (local springs): Kabre Kholso, Wangal, Ghatta Patte, Namlang Kholso. The stealing of water is common. Beneficiaries of a particular system who’ve got turn to get the water are supposed to guard the water at the headwork.2,51,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,51,46,5-2Rs 23,000 ($1095) was made available by the government a few years ago for the repair and maintenance of the canal. It is believed that only 50% of the funding was really used in the maintenance work.1,5
50615,2Magar KuloThe canal is diverted from Mahadev Kholo. The intake is located at the confluence of Bhote Namlang Kholso and Mahadev Kholo.3,54220,515,51220,53000,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,5-11,53,54,5-1-111101895.51,51,52,5-2143,5143,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Mahadev Kholo1,5Shared by additional 3 systems: Siran, Majha, Ghatta Muhan. This system has alternative sources (local springs): Kabre Kholso, Wangal, Ghatta Patte, Namlang Kholso. The stealing of water is common. Beneficiaries of a particular system who’ve got turn to get the water are supposed to guard the water at the headwork.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,55,56,5100,5(a) Rs. 23,000 ($1095) was made available by the government a few years ago for the repair and maintenance of the canal. It is believed that only 50% of the funding was really used in the maintenance work. (b) WECS/IIMI provided an assistance of Rs. 160,805.00 for further improvement of the system1,5
50616,1Siran Ko Kulo (a) (Siran Kulo)The Siran Ko Kulo is diverted from Mahadev Kholo. The headwork of the canal is located at Sisne Ghari Handi Kholo at Lekhark Tar Village.3,52460,5-1-1-1-1-112,52-21,4-12,43,42,4-1-11,53,53,4-1-111101979.51,51,42,5-235,565,52,5-2The command area served by two irrigation systems, namely Siran Ko Kulo and Majha Ko Kulo, is the same.1,4-2-21,4-2-21,41,5Mahadev Kholo1,5Shared by additional 3 systems: Magar, Majha, Ghatta. Additional source: canal named ‘Sisne Mul’. Previously irrigated by Majha Ko Kulo. There are a number of irrigation systems originating from Mahadev Kholo. The norm in the Mahadev Kholo Basin is that the systems at the upper stream have the right to divert available water first. No disputes among different systems is reported.2,5-12In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,51,46,4-1In 1984, financial aid of 2 metric tons of grains was given by the Government under the ‘Food For Work Programme’ for improving the canal. In late 1979, 1000 mandays of labor were mobilized to improve the canal. In 1986, 3000 mandays were mobilized to repair the 50m track of the canal…1,5
50616,2Siran Ko Kulo (a) (Siran Kulo)The Siran Ko Kulo is diverted from Mahadev Kholo. The headwork of the canal is located at Sisne Ghari Handi Kholo at Lekhark Tar Village.3,53660,34,52460,51200,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-11,52,53,5-1-111101979.51,51,52,5-224,524,52,5-2The command area served by two irrigation systems, namely Siran Ko Kulo and Majha Ko Kulo, is the same.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Mahadev Kholo1,5Shared by additional 3 systems: Magar, Majha, Ghatta. Additional source: canal named ‘Sisne Mul’. Previously irrigated by Majha Ko Kulo. There are a number of irrigation systems originating from Mahadev Kholo. The norm in the Mahadev Kholo Basin is that the systems at the upper stream have the right to divert available water first. No disputes among different systems is reported.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,55,56,42400,5(a) In 1984, financial aid of 2MT of grains given by HMG under ‘Food For Work Programme’ for improving the canal. In late 1979, 1000 days of labor mobilized to improve the canal. In 1986, 3000 mandays were mobilized to repair the 50m track of the canal. (b) WECS/IIMI provided Rs.136,789 in 1988.1,5
50617,1Majha Ko Kulo (b) (Majha Kulo)The Majha Ko Kulo is diverted from Mahadev Kholo, a perennial spring-fed stream. The off-take point lies at Mahadev Khulo in Lekhar Tar village.3,52580,5-1-1-1-1-112,52-22,4-2-23,42,3-1-21,43,43,4-1-111101945.51,51,52,5-246,476,42,4-2-21,5-2-21,4-2-21,41,5Mahadev Kholo1,5Shared by additional 3 systems: Magar, Siran, Ghatta Muhan. Additional source by Siram Ko Kulo system (same command area). No big conflicts of water rights among systems.2,52,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,41,46,4-2Renovation work was carried out in 1958 with its headwork shifted from Gogane Kholso to Mahadev Kholo. It was done by the collective efforts of the users. Government financial aid of Rs 500 was given in the same year to improve the canal. In 1985 damage was caused by landslides….1,5
50617,2Majha Ko Kulo (b) (Majha Kulo)The Majha Ko Kulo is diverted from Mahadev Kholo, a perennial spring-fed stream. The off-take point lies at Mahadev Khulo in Lekhar Tar village.3,54080,55,52580,51500,5-2-212,52-21,51,52,53,51,52,5-21,52,53,5-1-111101945.51,51,52,5-287,587,52,5-2The command area served by two irrigation systems, namely, Siranko Kulo and Majhako KUlo, is the same.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Mahadev Kholo1,5Shared by additional 3 systems: Magar, Siran, Ghatta Muhan. Additional source by Siram Ko Kulo system (same command area). No big conflicts of water rights among systems.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,55,56,52500,5Renovated in 1958 with its headwork shifted from Gogane Kholso to Mahadev Kholo, done by the collective efforts of the users. Government provided Rs 500 the same year to improve. In 1985, an eleven member committee reconstructed with help of 33 users. In 1988, WECS/IIMI provided Rs. 114321.1,5
50618,1Ghatta Muhan Ko Kulo (Tarali Ko Kulo)The ghatta Muhan Ko Kulo is diverted from Mahadev Kholo, a perennial spring fed stream. The headwork of the canal is located at Muhan Kholo of Lekhartar Village.3,52850,52,2-1-1-1-1122-12,3-2-23,31,4-1-11,53,43,4-1-101895.41,41,52,5-235,540,52,5-2-22,47,4-11,4-2-21,41,4Mahader Khola1,5Shared by 3 additional systems: Nagar, Siran, Majha. No big conflict of water fights among systems. The inter-system water right in the Mahadev Kholo is from upstream to downstream.2,51,32In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,45,46,4-1After the installation of a Ghatta in 1895, the farmers extended the canal in 1933 by collective effort. However, there are still issues of water rights of Ghattar owners. According to the farmers, the new Ghattas can be stopped except the old one registered in 1895.1,5
50618,2Ghatta Muhan Ko Kulo (Tarali Ko Kulo)The ghatta Muhan Ko Kulo is diverted from Mahadev Kholo, a perennial spring fed stream. The headwork of the canal is located at Muhan Kholo of Lekhartar Village.3,52850,57,51450,51400,5-2-212,52-2.2,5-2-23,51,52,5-11,52,53,5-1-111101895.41,51,52,5-233,533,52,5-2The origin of this system starts from Ghatta (local water mills) installation.1,57,5-11,5-2-21,51,5Mahadev Khola1,5Shared by 3 additional systems: Nagar, Siran, Majha. No big conflict of water fights among systems. The inter-system water right in the Mahadev Kholo is from upstream to downstream.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,55,56,5700,5(1) After installation of Ghatta in 1895, the farmers extended canal in 1933 by themselves.However, there were issues of water rights of Ghatta owners. The new Ghattas can be stopped except the old one registered in 1895. (2) WECS/IIMI in 1988 provided Rs. 124,321 for the improvement.1,5
50620,1Tallo Jhankri Ko Kulo (Tallo Jhankri Kulo)The canal is diverted from Pangsing Kholo which forms the border of Banskhark and Dubachaur Keureni Village Panchayat. The headwork is located at Ward No. 8 at Pangsing Kholo.3,51900,53,2-1-1-1-1-1-1-12,4-2-23,42,41,52,4-1-13,3-1-10-11,2-12,5-230,550,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Pangsing Kholo1,5Shared by additional 2 systems: Naya, Chholang Khet. The canals Jesing Ko Kulo and Lemba Khet Ko Kulo are diverted from the same source. The inter-system water right is from upstream to downsteram. Sometimes during water stress period, stealing of water is quite common. But the disputes have never been serious.2,53,32In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,41,46,4-2Five years ago, the users formed a committee with several members in the chairmanship of Mr. Lila Nath Giri for rock cutting and headwork repair works. The tax was levied in proportion to the farm size.1,5
50620,2Tallo Jhankri Ko Kulo (Tallo Jhankri Kulo)The canal is diverted from Pangsing Kholo which forms the border of Banskhark and Dubachaur Keureni Village Panchayat. The headwork is located at Ward No. 8 at Pangsing Kholo.3,51900,56,5400,51500,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,52,41,52,53,5-1-11110very old1,5-12,5-231,531,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Pangsing Kholo1,5Shared by additional 2 systems: Naya, Chholang Khet. The canals Jesing Ko Kulo and Lemba Khet Ko Kulo are diverted from the same source. The inter-system water right is from upstream to downsteram. Sometimes during water stress period, stealing of water is quite common. But the disputes have never been serious.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,36,5400,5Five years ago, the users formed a committee with several members in the chairmanship of Mr. Lila Nath Giri for rock cutting and headwork repair works. The tax was levied in proportion to the farm size. Irrigation improvement by WECS/IIMI in 1988.1,5
50621,1Chholang Khet Ko Kulo (Chholang Khet Kulo)The canal is diverted from Pangsing Kholo. The headwork is located at Pangsing Khet Ko Puchhar at Pangsing Kholo.3,51880,5-1-1-1-1-112,3-1-12,4-2-23,42,3-1-1-1-13,3-1-10-11,31,32,5-225,525,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Pangsing Kholo1,5Shared by 2 additional systems: Naya Kulo, Tallo Jhankri Ko Kulo. The inter-system water right is from upstream to downstream. Sometimes during water stress period, stealing of water is quite common. Yet the disputes have never been serious.2,53,32In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,41,46,4-2Much modification has been done on the canal, yet the farmers never got any financial support from the government.1,5
50621,2Chholang Khet Ko Kulo (Chholang Khet Kulo)The canal is diverted from Pangsing Kholo. The headwork is located at Pangsing Khet Ko Puchhar at Pangsing Kholo.3,53480,56,51880,51600,5-2-212,52-2.2,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,52,53,5-1-11110very old.1,51,52,5-237,537,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Pangsing Kholo1,5Shared by 2 additional systems: Naya Kulo, Tallo Jhankri Ko Kulo. The inter-system water right is from upstream to downstream. Sometimes during water stress period, stealing of water is quite common. Yet the disputes have never been serious.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5280,5Much modification has been done on the canal, yet the farmers never got any financial support from the government. The system was improved by WECS/IIMI in 1988.1,5
50624,1Siran Ko Kulo (c)The Siran Ko Kulo is diverted from Sahare Kho. The headwork is located at the confluence of Sahare, Lapse and Gaude Kholsar.3,52280,53,2-1-1-1-1-12-22,4-2-23,42,31,32,31,53,33,3-1-101973.51,51,52,5-216,545,32,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sahare Kholo1,4There are several canals originating from the source. The water right between the systems is found to be from up-stream to downstream. The norm is that upper canal people have the right to divert all the available water at its headworks. All the systems are competing for water during low flow seasons.2,42,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,41,46,4-2In 1973, a government grant assistance of $2,476 (Rs 52,000) was given for improving the canal. Improvement was done on the contract basis, but farmers believe that funds were misutilized and there were no improvements made.1,5
50624,2Siran Ko Kulo (c)The Siran Ko Kulo is diverted from Sahare Khola. The headwork is located at the confluence of Sahare, Lapse and Gaude Kholsar.3,53780,57,52280,52700,5-2-212,52-21,51,52,53,51,52,5-21,53,53,5-1-111101973.51,51,52,5-237,537,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sahare Kholo1,5There are several canals originating from the source. The water right between the systems is found to be from up-stream to downstream. The norm is that upper canal people have the right to divert all the available water at its headworks. All the systems are competing for water during low flow seasons.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,51000,5In 1973, a government grant assistance of $2,476 (Rs 52,000) was given for improving the canal. Improvement was done on the contract basis, but farmers believe that funds were misutilized and there were no improvements made. (2) WECS/IIMI in 1988.1,5
50625,1Majha Ko Kulo (d)The canal is diverted from Sahare Kholo. The headwork is located at Sahare Kholo, Kyamune Dohban.3,53140,5-1-1-1-1-1-12-22,4-2-23,42,4-1-1-1-13,4-1-1019711,51,52,5-210,560,32,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sahare Kholo1,5Shared by 1 additional system: Siran Ko Kulo. The water rights between the systems is found to be from upstream to downstream. The norm is that upper canal people have the right to divert all the available water at its headworks.2,52,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)6,41,46,4-2In 1974, a Government grant assistance of Rs 10,000 ($476) was given to the beneficiaries for improving the canal. But all those improvements were subsequently washed away by landslides.1,5
50625,2Majha Ko Kulo (d)The canal is diverted from Sahare Kholo. The headwork is located at Sahare Kholo, Kyamune Dohban.3,55640,57,53140,52500,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,51,53,5-1-111101971.51,51,52,5-233,533,52,5-2The canal had been used for winter crops irrigation. After 1988 improvement, there has been a dramatic change in irrigated agricultural pattern.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sahare Kholo1,5Shared by 1 additional system: Siran Ko Kulo. The water rights between the systems is found to be from upstream to downstream. The norm is that upper canal people have the right to divert all the available water at its headworks.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,51,56,51000,5(1) In 1974, a Government grant assistance of Rs 10,000 ($476) was given to the beneficiaries for improving the canal. But all those improvements were subsequently washed away by landslides. (2) In 1988, WECS/IIMI provided improvement assistance.1,5
50627,1Tallo Chapleti KuloThis Kulo is diverted from Baghmara Khola which forms the border of Shikharpur and Bare Village Panchayat.3,51530-1-1-1-1-15,52-22,4-2-23,52,5-1-1-1-14,5-1-10-11,51,52,5-2-115,32,5-2-21,4-2-21,4-2-21,41,4Baghmara Khola1,5Shared by an additional system: Baghmara Ko Kulo. The confrontation between the farmers of Baguwa and Bane Gaon over the use of water was primarily due to the scarcity of wate at the Baghmara Khola. The Tallo Chapleti Ko Kulo can only take whatever water is left over.2,5-12In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,45,46,4-1No fund has been made available for maintenance of the canal so far.2,4
50627,2Tallo Chapleti KuloThis Kulo is diverted from Baghmara Khola which forms the border of Shikharpur and Bare Village Panchayat.3,515302,5830,5700,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,5-13,5-1-11110-11,51,52,5-223,523,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Baghmara Khola1,5Shared by an additional system: Baghmara Ko Kulo. The confrontation between the farmers of Baguwa and Bane Gaon over the use of water was primarily due to the scarcity of wate at the Baghmara Khola. The Tallo Chapleti Ko Kulo can only take whatever water is left over.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5800,5No fund had been made available for maintenance of the canal until 1988. In 1988 improveent by WECS-IIMI.2,4
50628,1Baghmara Ko Kulo (Baghmara Kulo)The system is diverted from Baghmara Khola and irrigates the land at Sanjeltar.3,51500,5-1-1-1-1-112,52-22,4-2-23,42,42,4-2-1-13,4-1-1019771,51,52,5-25,46,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Baghmara Khola1,4Shared by an additional system: Tallo Chapleti Kulo.2,5-12In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5-1-1-1
50628,2Baghmara Ko Kulo (Baghmara Kulo)The system is diverted from Baghmara Khola and irrigates the land at Sanjeltar.3,51500,521200,5300,5-2-212,52-21,51,52,53,51,52,5-21,5-13,5-1-1111019771,51,52,5-29,59,52,5-2The majority of the command area (6 ha) of this system belongs to a single landlord, Mr. Chandra Bahadur Shrestha who was ex-officio in the Village Panchayat Council.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Baghmara Khola1,4Shared by an additional system: Tallo Chapleti Kulo.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5200,5Water and Energy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources and International Irrigation Management Institute improved through farmers participation in 1988.1,5
50629,1Chap Bot Ko Kulo (Beltari Fant Ko Kulo)The system is diverted from Sindhu Kholo. The off-take point lies at Tunikhark Bhalu Khop, Sindu Kholo.3,52650,56,2-1-1-1-112,42-22,4-2-23,41,4-1-11,43,33,4-1-101966.51,51,52,5-235,445,32,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sindhu Kholo1,5There are a number of irrigation systems originating from Sindhu Kholo. Also there are few Ghattas and water mills using water from the Kholo. The norm in the Sndhu Kholo is that users at the upstream can divert all the available water at the headwork area.2,51,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,51200,3Family Planning Association provided a small grant for the extension of the canal up to Majhi Gaon. Under the Food For Work Programme and by the initiative of Pradhan Pancha, Mr. K. B. Shrestha, the canal was improved and extended up to Bahunepati.1,5
50629,2Chap Bot Ko Kulo (Beltari Fant Ko Kulo)The system is diverted from Sindhu Kholo. The off-take point lies at Tunikhark Bhalu Khop, Sindu Kholo.3,52650,57,51250,51400,5-2-212,52-21,51,51,53,51,51,5-11,53,54,5-1-111101966.51,51,52,5-217,517,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sindhu Kholo1,5There are a number of irrigation systems originating from Sindhu Kholo. Also there are few Ghattas and water mills using water from the Kholo. The norm in the Sndhu Kholo is that users at the upstream can divert all the available water at the headwork area. After WECS/IIMI improvement program, canal capacity has been increased. Now the farmers themselves operate canal under the active leadership of management committee.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5100,5Family Planning Association provided a small grant for the extension of the canal up to Majhi Gaon. Under the Food For Work Programme the canal was improved and extended up to Bahunepati. (2) WECS/IIMI provided assistance in 1988.1,5
50630,1Bhanjyang Tar Ko KuloThe Kulo diverts water from the Jarke Khola. The diversion is in Bhote Chaur Village Panchayat.3,5-12,42100,42300,4-1-112,42-2-1-1-1-12,31,53,31,53,33,3-1-11110-11,51,52,5-230,540,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Jarke Khola1,5There is competition to get water from canals originating from the Jarke Khola. Sometimes there are inter-system disputes. During the water stress period, water stealing and conflicts are common, yet conflicts have never been serious.2,53,42In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,52300,3In 1972, it was renovated by the collective effort of beneficiaries. During the renovation period, aqueducts were constructed to pass floods to the stream, and are still working well. Initiated by Mr. Khamba Sing. After the renovation, the farmers have increased cropping intensity.1,5
50630,2Bhanjyang Tar Ko KuloThe Kulo diverts water from the Jarke Khola. The diversion is in Bhote Chaur Village Panchayat.3,5-12,42100,52300,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-22,52,51,52,51,52,53,5-1-111101966.51,51,52,5-235,535,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Jarke Khola1,5There is competition to get water from canals originating from the Jarke Khola. Sometimes there are inter-system disputes. During the water stress period, water stealing and conflicts are common, yet conflicts have never been serious. Investors in 1972 have primary rights.2,53,52In spite of the problems and difficulties of the natural phenomena such as land sliding, flooding, gully crossing, drainage crossing and steep slopes in the hilly region of Nepal, the farmers have been practicing for centuries to build irrigation facilities to increase their crops. Groups of farmers with common area of an irrigation system worked together to divert water from the stream or river to their fields. They have their own rules and laws for running the system. It is estimated that over 90% of the irrigation in the hills of Nepal was built and totally managed by farmers. In order to help the planners in decision making for assisting these locally developed and farmer managed irrigation systems, adequate information on the number, nature and scope of the existing systems is of utmost necessity. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat in collaboration with IIMI and Ford Foundation made an advertisement to carry out the reconnaissance/inventory study of farmer managed irrigation systems in Indrawati River basin withing Sindhu Palchok District. (page 1)5,55,56,5100,5In 1972, it was renovated by the collective effort of beneficiaries. During the renovation aqueducts were constructed . After the renovation, the farmers have increased cropping intensity. Investors in the rennovation got the primary rights.1,5
50631,1Masina Sat TaleThe command area elongates from east to west with the surface slope running down from north to south. At the head of the command area the mountain, partly covered with forest, runs from east to west.4,5-15,32500,2-1-2-28,31USAID/N1,3-1-22,3-11,32,31,34,33,3-1-111101837.51,31,32,3-2147,5-12,3-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Katuwa Khola1,5Although some farmer managed systems were found below the intake, the whole amount of water is available for this system without any interference from the downstream system.2,53,32The Rapti Rural Area Development Project (RRADP) includes a minor irrigation component as a part of Rural Works Programme for improvements of small irrigation systems. It was targeted to irrigate 3000 hectares under small irrigation projects. The size of the systems varies 10 to 200 hectares. The majority of these projects are implemented by District Technical Offices (DTO) of Ministry of Panchayat and Local Development (MPLD). During the construction of the system, local village participation and certain percentage of labor contribution are also mobilized.5,35,36,31500,3In 1898, two families from KHATI KUWAR and CHATURBED MAZI initiated the expansion of the system. Several times the farmer sought financial help to protect the canal (no success). Finally RRADP was implemented for the system. The project (canal) was completed in 1983.1,5
50632,2Soudiyar (Ja Jara)The command area is extended along the bank of the river Babai. They type of soil found in and around the system is silty clay deposited in the field by the river.4,52240,54,5570,51670,5-2-27,52-2.2,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-111101891.41,51,52,5-287,5127,52,5-2Soudiyar includes the command area of two villages (Jajara and Gurgain). But Gurgain villagers use the water of Karjai Irrigation System. This Karjai serves seven villages. Gurgain is one of them.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Katuwa Khola2,5-22,51,52The Rapti Rural Area Development Project (RRADP) includes a minor irrigation component as a part of Rural Works Programme for improvements of small irrigation systems. It was targeted to irrigate 3000 hectares under small irrigation projects. The size of the systems varies 10 to 200 hectares. The majority of these projects are implemented by District Technical Offices (DTO) of Ministry of Panchayat and Local Development (MPLD). During the construction of the system, local village participation and certain percentage of labor contribution are also mobilized.5,55,56,5100,5In 1986, MPLD constructed the diversion weir and intake through a contractural arrangement. Farmers had practically no role to play.1,5
50633,1TorbangThe command area is in Jhimruk river basin and is therefore moderately flat. Almost all of the command area is in Khetland. Jhimruk Khola, the source, is a perennial stream with sufficient water, even in a dry season.2,3-13,5-1-1-2-212,31USAID/N-1-2-22,3-12,3-21,34,33,3-1-11110-11,31,32,3-240,5-12,3-2-21,3-2-21,3-2-21,31,3Jhimruk Khola1,3After the flood of 1986 which damaged the system, the farmers of Torbang system used the damaged system to irrigate their land in summer (monsoon) season. For the winter season, they used water from Upallo Kulo, another system which is upstream. The farmers of Upallo Kulo do not mind, as they have enough water, however taking water from Upallo Kulo for the summer crop is prohibited.2,53,52The Rapti Rural Area Development Project (RRADP) includes a minor irrigation component as a part of Rural Works Programme for improvements of small irrigation systems. It was targeted to irrigate 3000 hectares under small irrigation projects. The size of the systems varies 10 to 200 hectares. The majority of these projects are implemented by District Technical Offices (DTO) of Ministry of Panchayat and Local Development (MPLD). During the construction of the system, local village participation and certain percentage of labor contribution are also mobilized.5,35,36,31000,3After the implementation of RRADP and approval of the project by district assembly the rehabilitation project was implmented by DTO of Pyuthan. After only 20 days of water supply the system was washed away by floods in July 1986. No further improvement or maintenance work was carried out . . .1,5
50634,1Dhanauri (Kumalgari)Command area of the system is moderately flat. Area consists of Bariland and Khet land.4,5-1-1-1-1-1-19,31USAID/N-1-2-22,31,3-1-21,34,32,3-1-11111-11,37,52,3-230,353,52,3-2-21,3-2-21,3-2-21,31,5Hille Khali, Rana Chira, Khadka Chira1,3Two natural creeks meet the canal at nearly 200m distance and are tapped to boost the supply of irrigation water into the fields. Shared by the Bahula Khola Irrigation System. Few internal disputes.1,3-12The Rapti Rural Area Development Project (RRADP) includes a minor irrigation component as a part of Rural Works Programme for improvements of small irrigation systems. It was targeted to irrigate 3000 hectares under small irrigation projects. The size of the systems varies 10 to 200 hectares. The majority of these projects are implemented by District Technical Offices (DTO) of Ministry of Panchayat and Local Development (MPLD). During the construction of the system, local village participation and certain percentage of labor contribution are also mobilized.5,35,36,51000,5According to the CARE/NEPAL office, 100% of the construction work is complete. This project aims at providing irrigation facilities to raise high potential production. Two intake weirs as well as the first diversion are constructed.1,3
50636,1Khahare (Chaurjahare-Khahare or Khahare-Chaurjahare)FMIS located in Rukum, 4km from Chaurjahri in Munkot Village Panchayat. Canal length about 4km.3,5-13,34000,5-1-2-2121District Technical Office2,4-22,53,52,51,52,41,44,53,5-1-11110-12,57,52,5-240,540,52,5-2The new canal was supported by MPLD. The following code focus on new canal, not the existing canal. .31,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Khahare Khola1,5-12,51,52The Rapti Rural Area Development Project (RRADP) includes a minor irrigation component as a part of Rural Works Programme for improvements of small irrigation systems. It was targeted to irrigate 3000 hectares under small irrigation projects. The size of the systems varies 10 to 200 hectares. The majority of these projects are implemented by District Technical Offices (DTO) of Ministry of Panchayat and Local Development (MPLD). During the construction of the system, local village participation and certain percentage of labor contribution are also mobilized.5,31,510,5New canal, -1. The existing canal appears without any further improvements.42,3
50637,1HarshabangThe land system of the command area is hillslope. The existing command area is entirely Khetland. The command area elongates from west to east along the left bank of Lung Khola.3,3-1-13300,3-1-2-2101USAID/N-1-2-22,31,3-1-21,34,33,3-1-11110-11,31,32,3-25,535,5-1-2Lung Khola Irrigation System and Harshabang Irrigation System.1,3-2-21,3-2-21,31,5Lung Khola1,3not in Rbase, only in Access, UF2,33,3not in Rbase, only in Access, UF5,55,56,52000,3not in Rbase, only in Access, UF
50639,2GoberdihaThe project is rehabilitation of one of the branches that irrigates 4 villages including Goberdiha village. About 7 natural drains run from south to north through the command area which has a slightly undulating topography, though mostly flat.4,59500,48,58500,46400,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-22,52,51,53,51,54,52,5-1-1111018921,51,52,5Badkapath Irrigation System800,5800,52,5-1This project is a rehabilitation of one of the branches that irrigates the four villages including Goberdiha village. Its upstream Main canal (previously common to all four branches) of the biggest old farmer-managed system called BADHAPATH Irrigation Scheme irrigates 12 villages.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Rapti River2,5-22,53,53The medium irrigation component is included in Rapti Rural Area Development Project in support of farming system productive purposes. It was targeted to bring ‘at best an additional 1,250 hectares of land to become fully irrigated, or bring approximately 1,250 hectares under new or improved irrigation by 1986.’ The responsibility of undertaking the medium projects was assigned to Department of Irrigation, Hydrology and Meteorology (DIHM) through its office at Tulsipur. In search of appropriate schemes reconnaissance was done in all project districts of Rapti Zone. Five of them were identified as potential schemes. Detail survey, design and estimates were done by the Engineers of Tulsipur office. Finally, five projects were approved and funded under RRADP. (page 1)5,55,56,52900,4In September 1986, under the responsibility of DOI, the rehabilitation construction was completed. The regulator has been completed. A new alignment of canals is about 1km.1,5
50640,1DharmabatiThe project interlinks five existing farmers canals with a view of having one common intake for all. The project has a newly designed main canal section 3km from the headworks. The project has not been completely finished.2,4-159600,5-1-1-1-12-1-1-1-13,31,31,42,42,4-22,4-1-111101743.41,5-12,3-2340,5364,41,55,3The project interlinks 5 existing farmer’s canals (Dabar Guan Kulo, Lamchyang Kulo, Rani Kulo, Gorkhe Kulo and Kwadi Kulo) with a view to having one common intake for all. They have seperate command areas and inundation intake.3,31,3-11,5-1-11,51,5Dharmabati River1,5Shared by the existing 5 schemes and other systems. The river is turbulant and intake of all the systems are washed away. The 5 farmers canals are getting water from the river, but there are no defined rights concerning which gets the priority. There are two mills operating along the river.1,51,52The medium irrigation component is included in Rapti Rural Area Development Project in support of farming system productive purposes. It was targeted to bring ‘at best an additional 1,250 hectares of land to become fully irrigated, or bring approximately 1,250 hectares under new or improved irrigation by 1986.’ The responsibility of undertaking the medium projects was assigned to Department of Irrigation, Hydrology and Meteorology (DIHM) through its office at Tulsipur. In search of appropriate schemes reconnaissance was done in all project districts of Rapti Zone. Five of them were identified as potential schemes. Detail survey, design and estimates were done by the Engineers of Tulsipur office. Finally, five projects were approved and funded under RRADP. (page 1)5,45,46,4-1Before 1983, there was no information about rehabilitation and improvement. Dharmabati scheme is a rehabilitation program of DOI (1983-1986). It has a newly designed main canal section 3km from the headworks and joins the farmers’ canals.1,5
50641,2BelgariThe source Gurgung Khla is a perrinial spring. Katkuya and Belghari villages are located at the head end, Chaupari at the middle and Mathaura and Mathauri villages at the tail end. The command area is surrounded by the Baula Kholo on the east Babai river in the south.4,58400,56,54400,54000,5-2-27,51USAID2,5-2-23,51,51,53,51,54,53,5-1-1111019852,52,52,5-2340,5700,51,51,5About 50 to 60% of total command area is now brought under seasonal irrigation by the farmer managed irrigation system called Pancha Kulo. The source of offmis is Chante Kholo which is different from the source of the new system.1,5-2-21,5-2-22,51,5Gurjung Khola (new), Chante Khola (for existing farmers)2,5Water has been released since two years.1,53,52The medium irrigation component is included in Rapti Rural Area Development Project in support of farming system productive purposes. It was targeted to bring ‘at best an additional 1,250 hectares of land to become fully irrigated, or bring approximately 1,250 hectares under new or improved irrigation by 1986.’ The responsibility of undertaking the medium projects was assigned to Department of Irrigation, Hydrology and Meteorology (DIHM) through its office at Tulsipur. In search of appropriate schemes reconnaissance was done in all project districts of Rapti Zone. Five of them were identified as potential schemes. Detail survey, design and estimates were done by the Engineers of Tulsipur office. Finally, five projects were approved and funded under RRADP. (page 1)5,55,56,52500,5Belghari Irrigation Scheme is entirely a new construction from head to tail. This system would be complementary to the farmer managed system called Pancha Kulo, the construction work started on March 1985. A random rubble masonary diversion weir structure is constructed to divert river water.1,5
50643,2ChiregadThe command area covers the land of 6 villages, namely Bagar, Rajpur, Parsaduwa, Simthana, Simthani and Thapagaon. The commmand area lies on the right side of Chiregad river. The topography is highly undulating.4,510200,55,54700,55500,5-2-29,51USAID/N2,5-2-22,51,51,52,51,54,53,5-1-12110-22,52,52,5-28,5350,52,5-2-22,52,53,51,5-2-22,51,5Chiregad Khola1,5Midaula Kulo, Chajchaura about .5 to 1km upstream. Ganar Kulo about 3km downstream.1,53,51The medium irrigation component is included in Rapti Rural Area Development Project in support of farming system productive purposes. It was targeted to bring ‘at best an additional 1,250 hectares of land to become fully irrigated, or bring approximately 1,250 hectares under new or improved irrigation by 1986.’ The responsibility of undertaking the medium projects was assigned to Department of Irrigation, Hydrology and Meteorology (DIHM) through its office at Tulsipur. In search of appropriate schemes reconnaissance was done in all project districts of Rapti Zone. Five of them were identified as potential schemes. Detail survey, design and estimates were done by the Engineers of Tulsipur office. Finally, five projects were approved and funded under RRADP. (page 1)5,55,56,52000,5-22,5
50644,1Chherlung (Barangdi Tallo Kulo)2,5-16,58000-1-2-21221,51,52,31,51,51,52,51,54,54,5-1-111101932.51,51,52,5-230-12,5-2The Barangdi Tallo Kulo (canal) is comprised of four distinct sub-command areas (Taplek, Pachariya, Chherlung, and Artunga). (Pradhan, 1988)1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Brangdi Khola1,5Tallo Kulo shared water from Thulo Kulo. Multiple water sources downstream (Tallo) have lessened the potential conflicts over acquisition of water. Well defined rights to water.1,53,52This paper shall focus on both macro and micro issues affecting local resource mobilization in irrigation development in Nepal. It shall first briefly introduce the present context of irrigation in Nepal, and then the need for proper conceptualization of the term ‘local resource mobilization.’ The historical context of local resource mobilization for irrigation financing and implementation in Nepal and contemporary experiences from completed or on-going field research will then be examined. Finally, this paper will attempt to outline crucial elements necessary for any policy whose mandate is to enhance local resource mobilization. (pages 1-2)5,55,56,51000In 1978, an extension project for Tallo Kulo was approved by the District Panchayat Secretariat. It was to be repaired and extended so that Artunga could be irrigated too. This project was supervised by the Ministry of Panchayat Local Development.1
50645,1PhalebasKali Gandaki to the west, Lamaya Khola to the east and south. It is a river terrace or TAR, 134ha.3,5-18-1-1-2-2112Asian Development Bank/DIHM-1-2-2-11,5-1-11,54,53,3-1-111101930.41,51,42,51343002,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Khalte Khola, Lamaya Khola, Bundi Khola, and Dhunwa Khola.1,5Due to scarce water, members placed another intake at a fourth stream, KHALTE KHOLA. A lenghty dispute has developed with the attempt to rebuild the system. Farmers having irrigation rights initially opposed the system because construction would make them lose water for crops for a season. Conflict over water between the two systems.2,41,52This paper shall focus on both macro and micro issues affecting local resource mobilization in irrigation development in Nepal. It shall first briefly introduce the present context of irrigation in Nepal, and then the need for proper conceptualization of the term ‘local resource mobilization.’ The historical context of local resource mobilization for irrigation financing and implementation in Nepal and contemporary experiences from completed or on-going field research will then be examined. Finally, this paper will attempt to outline crucial elements necessary for any policy whose mandate is to enhance local resource mobilization. (pages 1-2)5,55,36,5-1In 1955, other villagers pooled resources in cash and in kind to make major improvements in the canal. $750 was invested during this major improvement.1,5
50646,1Tedhi/Gurgi Irrigation SystemThe irrigated area served by the Tedhi and Gurgi canals is west of the Kateni river. The Mehana river is the southern boundary and also the border with India.5,5-12,5-1-1-2-29,32-22,3-2-2-11,52,3-21,34,31,3-1-111101934.51,31,32,5-24500,5-12,3-2The system consists of two diversion structures, Tedhi dam and Gurgi dam (constucted in the same river Kateni 5km apart). Although it seems there exists two systems, there is only one organization common to both canal systems.1,5-2-2-2-2-2-21,5Kateni Khola-1There is no information about other systems that may share this source. But this system itself consists of two diversion structures followed by two canals apart from each other on the same source Kateni. There is an agreement that two thirds of Kateni water will go to Tedhi canal and one third will go into Gurgi canal.2,31,32Public intervention in farmer-managed irrigation systems is a topic that the International Irrigation Management Institute has been examining for the past year. Part of the process for providing useful assistance to farmer-managed systems is to identify, describe, and analyze the situation of the existing irrigation system. Rapid appraisal methods are useful in the descriptive and preliminary analysis phase of the process. One purpose for the study of the Boktan Tedhi/Gurgi irrigation system was to further develop and test the rapid appraisal tool and to demonstrate the type of information that can be obtained by such methods. The Tedhi/Gurgi system was selected for study because it has been identified by his Majesty’s Government of Nepal as a possible candidate for receiving assistance. Since very little is known about the system the information generated by the study has an immediate application. It will assist in making a decision about the selection of a system for the proposed pilot project for assisting farmer-managed systems. It will also help in making decisions about the type and mode of delivery of the assistance if it is decided to proceed. (page 2)6,3-2-2-2In 1968 DIHM assisted the organization in replacing the Gurgi diversion (one of the two diversions of the system) with a brick and cement structure.1,3
50648,2Phewa Irrigation ProjectPhewa Lake has to supply water to a nearby electrical power generating station. The soils in command area are such that massive quantities of water must be applied to the field.2,510670,57,5870,59800,5320,513,512,52-12,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,53,5791-111111883.51,51,52,5-2320,5420,52,5-2-23,51,51,53,51,5-21,51,5Phewa River1,5This system is a multipurpose project, supplying water for both irrigation and power generation (1,000 KW of power using four KW turbines). Water can be diverted from the Seti River to Phewa Lake. With the current operating water level of the reservoir, and the continuous power generation requirements, it may be difficult to supply water for irrigation of winter and early spring crops.1,53,51To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5850,5A dam was constructed by the government in the fifties and the irrigation system was brought under the supervision and control of irrigation department. That dam broke in 1975 and a new dam was constructed by HMG in 1982.1,5
50649,2Hyangja Irrigation ProjectThe source is Yamdi river. Intake is an Agency constructed lined canal. Another FMIS Chaunasi exists about 200m upstream. Canals run parallel to each other.3,57950,54,51940,56000,5-2-212,51Asian Development Bank/DIHM1,51,51,53,52,51,52,51,54,53,511101982-19862,53,52,5-2300,5450,52,51,4A farmer-managed canal (Dhuwan irrigation system which was constructed 10 years ago, but water did not flow in the canal) exists about 200m upstream of Hyangja’s main canal. It has a brush dam on the Yamgi River and 100 hectares.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Yamdi River1,5The Dhowan irrigation system has a rush dam on the Yandi river. The canals of Hyangja and Dhowan systems run parallel to each other. An FMIS (Chaurasi) exists 200m upstream of Hyangja’s main canal. Chaurasi commands over 100ha of land. The head of Hyangja used to be tailend commanded by the FMIS.1,52,51To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5500,5Still under construction, expected date to complete in June of 1986.2,5
50650,2Sange Patyani Irrigation ProjectThe intake is about 10.5km from Damauli headquarters. The main canal runs parallel to the command area along the foothills from northwest to southeast. There are no branch canals.2,510000,520,58400,52000,5-2-212,51DIHM1,51,51,53,51,51,52,51,55,53,5-1-111101965.52,57,52,5-2208,5208,52,5-2-21,5-2-22,59,51,52,51,5Sange Khola1,5Physically, the system is hydrologically linked to the nearby Char Hazar farmer system. Char Hazar farmers have become dependent upon leakage water from the Sange Patyani system.1,53,51To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)6,53,56,5200,5Most of the structures were completed in 1970. From the intake to approximately halfway down the system, improvements were made on the canal supplying a farmer-managed system. It may have been done by DIHM, but not clear when.1,5
50651,2Panch Kanya Irrigation Project (Upper Khageri Project)The main canal is 4.8km long (including idle length). In its idle length, the right bank is completely lined and the left bank is partially lined. After that, the main canal is completely lined with stone masonry. It also has one hume pipe crossing the highway and head regulators for branch canals.4,512800,46,54800,48000,4-2-212,51Asian Development Bank1,51,52,53,51,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-121101980.52,53,52,5-2400,4600,52,5-2An old, indigenous farmer-managed irrigation system within the command area of Panch Kanya. Farmers have maintained the autonomy and independence of that system. No dependence on government assistance. 2 separate canals were constructed by farmers to trap the drainage and seepage water from system.2,51,52,52,51,52,52,51,5Panch Kanya River1,5Because of insufficient amount of Panch Kanya River, the water from Baltar Khola (about 125m west of Panch Kanya) is introduced into the Spring Area (old Khagri System).1,53,51To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5400,4DHIM is now (1989) constructing an intake from Battar Khola to divert water from the Battar Khola to Panch Kanya. Gate at Battar Khola is not functioning. Even if the gate is repaired the surplus water from Battar Khola creates flooding problems in the nearby Mangalpur village.1,5
50652,1Kamala (Raghu Nathpur Block)The block studied by the author is located at the head of Mahirath Pur branch canal. It has three minor canals and about 10 field channels.5,4-13,35500,55300,5-1-112,41DIHM1,41,41,4-11,31,52,42,4-21,4-1-121101974.42,5-11,3Kamala Irrigation System1700,52300,52,4-2Rapid appraisal team appraised only a block of 2,300 hectares on the west bank of the Kamala Irrigation System because of the huge land size (25,000 hectares).1,4-2-21,4-2-21,41,5Kamala River1,5The east bank side of Kamala Irrigation System (Siraha District) for 12,500 hectares of command area.1,43,41To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5-1No improvement activities are in progress.2,4
50653,1Kankai Irrigation ProjectThe main canal is divided into four reaches and there are 12 secondary canals and 30 teriary canals. The tertiary canals occur about every 600m.5,480200,412,522300,556900,39-1-212,51-12,3-2-23,31,31,32,3-1-21,3-1-122201976.52,51,32,5-24000,58000,52,5-2In addition to existing 5000 hectares, another 3000 hectares will be brought into the command area.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Kankai River2,4-11,43,51To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,55,5-1The system has been continuously extended by DIHM.1,4
50654,2Pithuwa Irrigation Project100m-long temporary approach canal is used to convey the water diverted from the weir to the permanent head regulator.4,540000,417,58000,432000,4-2-29,52-21,51,52,53,51,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-1211019722,51,52,5-2900,5900,52,5-2-22,53,52,51,5-2-21,51,5Kair Khola1,5Three farmer-managed irrigation systems at the upstream of the Pithuwa intake. Budikulo, Bhatenikulo, Kalika Bandh, Chainpur.2,53,53To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5100,5Because of no permanant intake, after every flood it takes 2-3 days to construct a new approach canal and weir. The downstream bank has been reconstructed of dry boulder masonry to its original shape and size. The canal was expanded in 1971. In 1974 the expansion included a rehabilitation program…1,5
50655,2Char Hazar Irrigation System (Charhajar)One main canal and seven branch canals that divert from Sange Khola, the tributary of Madi River, to the adjacent farmlands.2,55800,57,52500,53300,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,51,51,55,53,5470,3440,311101889.31,51,52,5-2200,5206,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sange Khola1,5Shared by the Sange Patyani DOI irrigation system, another farmer-managed system (downstream), and a tributary of the Madi River. This system receives much leakage and drainage water from the Sange Patyani.2,51,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5-2-22,5
50656,2Bhanu Bhairah Irrigation System (Bhanu Baraha)The intake is located at the concave side of Chundi River. There is no obstruction, so flood water enters the canal directly causing much damage and erosion.2,54000,53,51500,52500,5-1-112,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,52,5-1-111101789.51,51,52,5-2120,5120,52,5-2The intake is located at the concave side of the river. It has a 1.5km long main canal and two branch canals. This system suffers from the drainage. To overcome this problem, the farmers have constructed check dams of bamboo across the drain to stop the flow of silt into the main canal.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Chundi River1,5About 400m upstream of the intake, another intake exists with Char Say Phant farmer-managed irrigation system. Could take water from the nearby Galundi Khola.1,53,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5100,5In 1955, renovated and extended by the farmers. Since then, the system functions well.-1
50657,2Char Say Phant Irrigation System (Charsaya Phant)This system is a run-of-the-river system. The main canal takes off from the left bank of Chundi River. For about 130m the main canal runs parallel to the river.2,51950,44,5450,41500,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-22,52,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-111101789.41,51,52,5-230,535,42,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Chudi River1,5Shared by Bhanu Bhairah Farmer Irrigation System.2,51,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5450,4Some flood protection has been built by the Western Regional Irrigation Directorate. No budget balance for future capital investment in system improvements.2,5
50658,2Satra Say Phant Irrigation SystemThe intake of Satra Say Phant is small. There is a locally-constructed tunnel that is 0.75m wide and 0.75m high on the canal.3,54000,40,54000,50,5-2-112,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,5-21,53,51,5-1-111101786.51,51,52,5-230,550,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Aadi Mul (Khola Spring)1,5The Satra Say Phant irrigation system is shared by the nearby Yampa Phant farmer-managed system. There is long-term dispute over canal. Satra Say Phant attempts to direct all of the spring water with their main canal, but it deprives the lower sections of Yampa Phant of water. Therefore, farmers of Yampa Phant frequently break the Satra Say Phant bush dam.2,53,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,54000,3ILC built permanent dam and lined the canal partially.1,5
50659,2Yampa Phant Irrigation System (Jaise and Baraha)The main canal runs for 2km. After running 1km, distribution resource starts. There is no branch canal. Instead the water goes directly from the main canal to field channels. There are 14 outlets in Baraha and 20 outlets in Jaisiphant.2,52100,40,51200,40,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,51,52,5-23,542050010001789.21,51,52,5-237,565,42,53,5Divided into three subsystems: Jaise (upper canal), Baraha (middle level), and Kukhure (lower canal). Author is coding for Jaise and Baraha.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,52,5Leakage from Aadi Mul Spring and Sano Aadi Mul Spring1,5Shared by the Santra Say Phant’s dam for irrigating the upper terraces. No agreement for sharing the water of Aadi Mul Spring. About 40 years ago there was dispute among the beneficiaries of Satra Say Phant and Yampha Phant, but they do not have any documented evidence.2,53,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,51000,4Farmers, 1989: Lining of canal was done. In 1990, outlets, distribution weirs were made.1,5
50661,2Surtan Irrigation SystemThe main canal is very large. It is about 5m wide and 2m deep for a length of about 2km. No control structures were observed in the system. Because of the abundance of water, there is little need for them.4,59000,52,52000,57000,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-111101836.51,51,52,5-2350,5800,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Dhungre Khola1,5(1) Shared by an additional system downstream of Surtan Irrigation System and by several independent systems upstream.1,53,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,52000,5The gabion weir intake was contructed recently by the farmers with some financial assistance from the district panchayat.1,5
50662,2Auraha Irrigation SystemThe source of the system is Dumeni Pani, which is a spring. The spring itself functions as the intake and its stream bed functions as the main canal. Three are five branches and each goes to different villages and a big factory,5,54000,55,52000,52000,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,54,51,54,51,5-1-111101850’s1,51,52,5-2260,5400,51,5-2Bahuni river mixes in the system and irrigates field downstream.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Dumeni Pani (a spring)2,5-22,51,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5200,5Farmers themselves mobilized the resources.2,5
50663,1Kerabari Irrigation System (Khadam Khola)The system irrigates the Kerabari Panchayat in the Kosi Zone. It includes two subsystems. The lower canal is called Janasahayog Kulo and the upper one is called Sarbajanik Kulo.5,5-13,51500,5-1-1-212,32-12,4-2-23,41,42,4-2-1-13,4-1-111101970(u), 1977(l)1,51,42,5-2350-11,52,5There are two parallel canals from the same source. Upper canal is Sarbajanik Kulo or Upper Khadam, and lower canal is Janasahayog Kulo or Upper Khadam. Rapid appraisal team focused only on the lower canal. Upper canal is high on the steep banks of the Khadam Khola and susceptible to slope failure.1,5-1-11,5-1-11,51,5Khadam Khola1,5Shared by the upper canal system (Sarbajanik Kulo) and lower canal system (Janasahayog Kulo). During the dry months of April and May, the system has to share the water with another nearby system on an hourly rotation.2,43,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,51500,4A few years ago, a cement intake structure was constructed by the financial assistance of DOI and voluntary labor. After that, it washed out. Then DOI provided $3000 in 1983/84 and $2600 in 1984/85 for construction material. The farmers themselves contributed $3500 to stabilize the sliding hill.1,5
50664,1Budhabare Irrigation System (Laxmi Biring Canal)This is the upper canal in the Budhabare Irrigation System.5,53500,44,51500,42000,4-1-112,31Budhabare Village Panchayat2,4-2-23,4-12,4-2-1-11,4-1-111101968.52,46,31,5Badhabare Irrigation System125,5-12,54,5This system has four parallel canals which take water from the same source. However, the rapid appraisal team had the opportunity to examine the upper canal in more detail.1,5-1-11,5-1-11,51,5Biring Khola1,5All four parallel canals of the Budhabare Irrigation System (Laxmi, Karki, Mool, and Saba) take water from the Biring Khola.1,5-12To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,5-1One flood control spur made of gabion and one gabion retaining wall have been constructed with the financial assistance of DOI to protect the canal.1,5
50681,1Bhorletar Irrigation ProjectThe main canal has three branches irrigating six blocks. The head work is 100 meter downstream of confluence of Midim Khola. Two gates at head regulators and two gates for branch regulators.3,58000,53,55000,53000,5-2-212,51DIHM/ILO2,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,53,52,5-1-111101984.52,56,52,5-2220,5220,51,53,5The project has been running for over 3 years now after its construction. These 3 years of operation have not seen any remarkable deterioration in the canal system. From Pisti khola (another rivulet) Char saya Khola, Dhulpur khola and Satrasaya Khola are old FMIS incorporated in New system.3,51,5-23,51,5-23,51,5Midim Khola2,5-21,53,51The rapid appraisal of Bhorletar Irrigation Project was conducted with a view to collecting information on the project’s resource base, project performance and causes of performance from secondary data sources as well as direct contact with farmers from the head, middle and tail reaches of the Canal System and project staff in order to actually appraise and make recommendations for remedial action. Bhorletar Irrigation Project completed in the year 1983-84 has a net command area of 213 hectares. Since the project looks after repairs and maintenance only and does not hold itself responsible for water distribution and its management, the farmers themselves are supposed to manage guiding water to their respective fields in keeping with the schedules of the Water Users Committee. (introduction)5,55,5-23000,5No reconstruction or major rehabilitation since the completion of project construction.2,5
50682,1Bhairawa Lumbini Ground Water ProjectThere are 64 tubewells and each tubewell discharges into a diversion box which directs the flow into the main canal which is lined to approx. 400m. The wooden slide gates in the check structures are provided along the main canal with 20-25 turnouts in each unit, one turnout covering approx. 5 hectares.5,3456538,3-1284070,31172468,29-1-112,51DIHM2,3-2-22,41,41,53,4-1-23,4-1-154101976.52,572,5-27600,5-11,464,5The project has a net command area of 7,600 hectares with 64 deep tubewells. Each well is enclosed within a unit command area of 120 hectares. Each unit is irrigated by its independent conveyance system. All the wells are equipped with electric pumps (300 m3/hr to 500 m3/hr capacity).3,44,41,43,44,41,41,42,5-22,3-21,43,51The rapid appraisal of Bhairawa-Lumbini Groundwater Project (BLGP) was conducted with a view to collecting information on the Project resource base, and Project performance and cause of performance from secondary data sources as well as direct contact with farmers from the head, middle and tail reaches of the pump units’ canal system in order to actually appraise and make recommendations for remedial action. The project, as designed, commands a net area of 7,600 hectares of land with 64 deep tubewells, each well being enclosed within a unit command area of 120 hectares. The project management function is clearly defined and there are four divisions, namely agricultural, hydrology, engineering and administration, to look after the management of the project. (introduction)2,51,42,5-2The DLGP has started a major rehabilitation work in all the pump units since 1983-84. The works include (1) lining some portion of earthen canals, (2) addition of simple and double turnouts at new points where necessary, (3) drainage crossings, etc.1,5
50683,1Hande Tar Irrigation SystemThis system encompasses the Tar (plateu) area along Paudi river which incorporates nearly half of the natural springs within the field.3,513300,423,47300,56000,3-2-24,51DIHM1,41,42,53,51,51,54,51,54,53,5-1-111101975.53,51,42,5-2260,5270,52,55,3Since 1975, there was no re-construction of the system. Because of the lack of timely operation and maintenance with the increasing environmental effects, the HIS has not been in operation since the last Shrawan in 1988. However, tthere are natural springs which irrigate monsoon crops.3,51,5-23,51,5-21,51,5Paudi Khola (=a tributary of Marsyangdi River)-2In 1981, due to excess rainfall, the water availability from the canal went on declining over time so that there is no water at all at present.1,53,51Handetar Irrigation System (HIS) is one of the agency managed irrigation systems (AMIS) where the Irrigation Management Project (IMP) intends to develop and sustain improved irrigation management practices that could be applied to other similar irrigation systems in Nepal. Located in Lamjung distruct at a distance of 30 kilometers from Dumre, the project covers a command area of 270 hectares. The study attempted to assess the potential process by which the local resources can be mobilized effectively for the operation and maintenance of the HIS so that the water distribution is equitable timely and reliable across all the reaches of the system. The command area stratified according to its 23 outlets and a total of 70 households were then randomly selected and surveyed using the pre-tested structured questionnaire. The key informants in Handetar revealed that the system was initially originated by the local people back in 2022-023. However, the financial and technical incapabilities limited the strengthening of the canal construction, although the mobilization of local people was prevalent. (introducion, executive summary)5,55,56,51500,3(1)No major rehabilitation was done after the 1975 construction. However, O&M of the system were done by WRID annually. (2) Irrigation Management Project (IMP) of DOI started to help the farmers since 1989 by helping at critical maintenance and improving but farmers’ wish lists went on increasing.1,5
50694,2Hiundko Mulko KuloHiundko mulko Kulo originates from hill at Godavari and flows along the road.6,56000,47,54000,42000,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,53,5-1-1111018921,51,52,5-2152,5-12,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Kunako Khola1,5-22,51,52general notes on Hiundko Mulko Kulo Irrigation System, Lalitpur.5,55,56,51000,5District panchayat provided Rs7000 and Rs8000 in 1977 and in 1983 respectively for the maintenance of the system.1,5
50696,1Thulo Kulo (Buawa Phant) Irrigation SystemThe command area is only Khet land.3,3-1-1-1-1-2-27,32-21,4-1-12,42,3-1-11,34,33,3-1-11110-11,51,52,3-26,3-1-2-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Tal and Biruwa Khulo1,3Tallo Biruwa has intake just below Thulo Kulo. Farmers think that the canal must be registered but there is no information. This source is shared by at least 5 systems present at that area. Water rights for this system seem to be well defined.2,51,52General information on Thulo Kulo (Buawa Phant), Gulmi, Nepal.5,35,36,3-1Additional canals have been built. The system was improved by farmers themselves in 1957. No other details are available.1,3
50699,2Champi Kulo (Dimalko Kulo)System lies half hour walking distance south west from Chapagaon across the4 Nakhhu khola6,52950,56,51500,51450,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,51,5-1-2-1-1-111101922.41,5-22,5-280,585,52,5-2Physically poor condition system, due to floods, etc.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,4Lele and Naldu Khola= Nakkhu khola2,5-21,53,52general information on Champi Kulo, Lalitpur, Nepal.5,55,56,5300,5After flood in 1981, intake was rehabilitated by farmers’ initiative and government assistance. Installed hume pipe for 100 metres and 2 parallel 6′ plastic pipe for another 100m.1,5
50700,1Parbati KuloA terrace or TAR above the Kali Gandaki river.2,5-1-1200,4-1-2-212,32-2-1-1-23,32,3-1-21,54,51,4-1-111101900.31,41,32,5-2200,53000,52,4-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Bharsa Khola1,5Water right exists. Kalikalar is used by this source. The rights to water are well defined. Successfully defended rights in court case. Canal is ‘registered’.2,51,52general information on Parbati Kulo, Tanahu, Nepal.5,43,44,4-2-22,3
50703,1Bhang Bari (was Kota Tar)3,5-18,3500,3-1-2-212,52-22,4-2-23,41,51,42,41,44,54,4-1-11110-1-11,4-1-26,38,3-1-1-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Ladi Kholo1,5Shared by Ladi Kolo system and Mill Kulo system. Water rights well defined, no dispute.2,53,52General information on Bhang Bari Rapid Appraisal, Nawalparasi, Nepal (and sketchy information on Kota Tar Rapid Appraisal).6,55,56,5500,5Repair of landslide, system partially lined.1,5
50704,2Gairagaon Irrigation System (Gairagaon Kulo)Command area of system lies on the bank of Katuwa Khola. (6 branches)4,5-16,5500,5-1-2-210,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-11110> 100 years ago1,51,52,5-2181,5195,52,5-210 intakes exist in upstream. Each intake has a right to use water from the Katuwa Khola. Many villages have their own intake and canal during monsoon period, but during winter season all water is collected in Gairigaon canal. Other villages use this intake and canal for irrigation of wheat.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Katuwa Khola1,5There are 10 intakes upstream and many downstream. Water rights of this system seems to be well defined. Many villages use the intake and main canal of Gairagaon system for the irrigation of their winter crops. However, for the irrigation during monsoon period they use their own intake and canal.2,51,52general information on Gairagaon Rapid Appraisal, Dang, Nepal.6,55,56,5500,5Farmers, 1990, Gabion wire at the headwork1,5
50705,2Rapti Nawalpur Farm Irrigation ProjectPermanent head regulator is provided at the intake to draw water from Rapti river.4,54512,52,54445,567,5-2-212,52-21,52,5-23,51,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-111101964.51,57,52,5-2121,5178,82,5-2-21,56,52,51,59,5-21,51,5Rapti River1,5Rapti river is a big river running north-south with bounds to the west thereafter. The river has been used by many farmers for irrigation both upstream and downstream. Due to sufficiency of water, there is no conflict among the users of different systems.2,53,52From the very beginning, farmers in Nepal have been developing thousands of communal irrigation schemes of diferent sizes. These schemes are running successfully. Farmers dig the canals, maintain the canal and co-operate in water allocation and distribution. Lessons learned from such successful irrigation schemes revealed that besides the need for water, it is the ownership feeling of each member that sustained the functions of irrigation systems. So, during 1981, FIWUD-DOA, under ministry of agriculture, formulated a policy of participatory approach for rehabilitation and new construction of small scale communal irrigation systems. Under this new policy, 25% of the total estimated cost had to be born by the farmers as equity. After completion of several such irrigation projects, experience led to more and more flexibility in involving farmers’ participation through project development construction and operation and maintenance. In the process of updating and improving the participatory approach, the author has evolved the farmers at different phases of project completion on trial basis. Here in this paper, the author presents farmers’ potential strengths, values of opinions, experience and knowledge, experienced while completing Rapti Nawalpur Farm Irrigation Project, Hetaunda. (page 1)5,55,56,5300,4FIWUD provided assistance (75% of total costs) to improve intake structure and lining main canal, with 5% cash contribution of farmers and 20% labor also contributed by the farmers during 1986-1988.1,5
50934,2Lamage Phant Irrigation SystemThere are four branch canals or field canals. The main canals are subject to significant water leakages. There are no regulating structures, nor are there any cross drains.2,54500,54,51500,53000,3-2-212,52-21,51,52,53,52,51,52,51,54,52,5-1-111101825.41,51,52,5-272,575,52,5-2From the source, the canal passes first through a rocky tunnel of 10 meters, then a washout portion of 35 meters and then a 30 meter long tunnel and then the command area. Have had severe problems of river entering at flood time and washing out fields.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Andhi Khola1,5Andhi Khola supplies irrigation water to about 7 different FMIS before reaching Lamage Phant. Other systems are Phedi Chelarine Bas, Simle, Oliya Phant, Rangi Thanti, Seti Dobhan and Thulu Besi. Unitrian systems do not adversely affect availability to this system even in March-April, the low for the year. A private canal, Dule Raha, takes off at about the same location. Downstream is Dule-Raha Bandh.1,53,52This study on Lamage Irrigation System in Syangia was an initial attempt to examine various aspects of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal — to learn how these systems are managed, and whether and how their management principles can be applied in other irrigation systems, particularly agency-managed ones of the country. A sample of 30 percent of the total water-user households of the LIS command area, located in wards 6, 7, and 8 of the Chandi-Kalika Panchayat, was randomly selected from each of these wards and surveyed using a structured questionnaire. (executive summary)5,55,56,5100,5LIS has not undergone much improvement in its physical system over long years. However, at present, the water users committee was able to obtain an appraisal of the LIS and get approval for the Irrigation Line of Credit Project to undertake its rehabilitation.1,5
50936,1Kumroj Irrigation SystemIt has a 7.5km long canal which is 2.5m wide and 3.5m deep. Of the 7.5km length, a total of nearly 3km is the idle length of the canal.4,5-1-14500,4-1-2-21,231CARE/Nepal-1-2-2-1-1-1-2-1-22,3-1-133101984.53,36,32,4-2393,5-12,4-2Kumroj system is closely related to 14 systems also taking water from Budhi Rapti river but all are independent. Canal is 7.5m long, 2.5m wide and 3.5m deep.2,410,51,41,4-2-22,41,5Budhi Rapti River (= Amrit Khola)1,514 independent gravity flow community irrigation projects get water from this perennial river. Kumjoj farmers had to pay 150,000 NRs towards the right of way for headworks. They would have the status of Junior Appropriators.-11,32The focus of this report is on five irrigation systems, developed by different agencies of HMG/N which are at different stages of system turnover/takeover. These systems are all above 100 hectares in command area and more than 7 kilometers in length. The interactions of the users committee with the users were found to be satisfactory in most cases. However, very little interactions existed between the users committee and the implementing agencies in most of the cases. In comparison to the govenment-managed irrigation systems, systems developed and managed by the irrigation water users are generally found to be more cost effective and having less O&M cost prohibition irrespective of the total O&M cost. Studies on farmer managed irrigation systems in Nepal have clearly established that the experiences which could be learned from them would be of great practical value for applications in government sponsored projects. (summary, introduction)5,55,56,53000,5-22,4
50937,2Chunatal Irrigation SystemLittle information, not far from Banepa. The source of the scheme is Jaljale spring which flows north to south.6,54000,50,54000,50,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,51,54,54,5-1-111101780.41,51,52,5-2250,5300,52,5-2This system does not contain smaller irrigation systems. Description is of system as a whole.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Thulo Jaljale and Sano Jaljale springs1,5In the down stream side lies the intake of Hile Kulo (another system). Due to the high demands for water there the supply in the source appro[riators from Hile Kulo often brake Chunatal dam – this causes frequent disputes. Recently another village down the hill is planning to bring drinking water from the same source this is going to bring a big dispute in that area.2,51,52The focus of this report is on five irrigation systems, developed by different agencies of HMG/N which are at different stages of system turnover/takeover. These systems are all above 100 hectares in command area and more than 7 kilometers in length. The interactions of the users committee with the users were found to be satisfactory in most cases. However, very little interactions existed between the users committee and the implementing agencies in most of the cases. In comparison to the govenment-managed irrigation systems, systems developed and managed by the irrigation water users are generally found to be more cost effective and having less O&M cost prohibition irrespective of the total O&M cost. Studies on farmer managed irrigation systems in Nepal have clearly established that the experiences which could be learned from them would be of great practical value for applications in government sponsored projects. (summary, introduction)5,55,56,51000,5Recipient of limited funding under the irrigation program of the Department of Panchayat and Local Development.1,5
50943,1Kuleriya Kulo Irrigation SystemThe command area is the right bank basin of the Karnali river. The southern border is the river Mohana and the Indo-Nepal Border.5,5-113,325000,5-1-1-110,32-2-1-2-2-11,32,3-21,34,32,3-1-111101914.51,51,51,5Karnali Irrigation System9816,5-12,3-2The main canal intake is located at Tallo Chisapari. This is a common intake of three systems, namely Jamara, Rani, and Kuleriya, which comprise the Karnali Irrigation System. The command area of this system was estimated to be 3331 hectares out of which 89% is irrigated land and 11% is unirrigated.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Karnali river1,3The Rani, Kuleriya and Jamara sub-systems are diverting from the Karnali river for irrigation purposes, also shared by Mohana river. The old course of the river has now become the main canal of the three systems, which is called Geruwa river by the farmers. The discharge of Karnali River is very high, so there are no water right problems.2,51,52The research report presented here is based on a field study (observation and participation) of a large Farmer-Managed Irrigation System in the Western Terai (Plain area) of Nepal. Such systems are found throughout the Terai region of Nepal. Farmers of Terai have been growing irrigated rice for many centuries as a main staple food crop. This study was undertaken aiming to explore the farmers’ experience with the irrigation based on water distribution practices, resource mobilization and fertility management. Identification of limitations of such systems could provide a useful start assisting farmer-managed irrigation systems. (page 1)5,55,56,59000,5In 1986, the district panchayat provided a sum of Rs 125,000 as a grant in aid to the Kuleriya system for intake construction. In 1987 the Government provided Rs 50,000 for the main canal construction.1,3
50945,2BadachaurThe service area lies at the west bank of the Seti Khola. It’s a terrace land and is sloping towards the Seti Khola.3,5700,5-2700,50,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,52,52,53,5-1-111101907.51,51,52,5-219,520,52,5-2This project is the rehabilitation of the existing canal system of surface irrigation.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Ghayangrung Khola1,5This project uses water from rivers which originate entirely within Nepal and form part of the Harayani River Basin.2,51,52The Western Regional Irrigation Committee herewith confirms that it has appraised the Badachaur irrigation subproject for implementation under HMG’s Irrigation Sector Program, through the World Bank financed Irrigation Line of Credit. The proposed project is the rehabilitation of the existing canal system of surface irrigation. (page 1)5,55,56,5100,5The farmers requested the HMG to finance a project which rehabilitated the canal system. The farmers agreed to cost-sharing 25% of the total cost and took full responsibility for O&M after completion of the project.1,5
50946,2Sirsia-Dudhaura Irrigation SystemThis system comprises of two main canals, Dudhaura system with 6 branch canals, and Sirsia system with 5 branch canals. Main canal length of Sirsia is about 7km and main canal length of Dudhaura is 6km.5,511,513000,5-1-2-212,51USAID1,51,52,53,51,51,52,51,54,51,521101957.52,52,52,5-2987,51616,51,52,5This system covers 14 Panchayats of Bara and Parsa districts with a gross command area of about 2000 hectares. This system has two sub-systems, Sirsia and Dudhaura, with two separate intakes.2,51,52,52,51,52,52,51,5Sirsia and Dudhaura Rivers1,5These sources are shared by several FMIS north of the S-D IS.1,53,51Irrigation Management Project has been in action in the Sirsia Dudhaura Irrigation System since its inception in the F.Y. 1986-87. The baseline study was completed in August 1988. 201 randomly selected water users were interviewed on various aspects. The findings indicate that the proportion of land covered by rainfed crops has been reduced by five percent and land covered by early paddy has remarkably increased. The study also reveals that the water distribution situation has improved substantially after the IMP’s intervention as compared to the situation before. Impact has also been noticed in streamlining institutional services including extension service, farm inputs and farm credit to the water users through the coordinating initiatives of the IMP personnel. (pages i, ii)5,55,56,51000,4The IMP intervention began in FIY 1986-87 for the improvement of this system. In 1988, a 58130 meter-long canal was cleaned and constructed.1,5
50947,1MalebagarThe source is Budhuwa Khola which originates from the point where Maidi and Pirugha rivers meet at 8km upstream. This khola irrigates other 16 irrigation systems upstream.3,51375,53,5275,51100,5-2-212,52-2.2,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,52,5-1-111101858.51,51,52,5-222,522,52,5-2This system has been divided into 3 physical divisions: Mathilo Kulo, Nabbe, and Suthi, so as to facilitate the water allocation to the entire system.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhuwa Khola1,5This source is also the source of a larger FMIS, Budhuwa Irrigation system. In fact, this source supplies irrigation water to about 16 FMIS before reaching the intake. Conflict between Budhuwa and this system caused this system to relocate its intake at a lower pont.1,53,52This case study on Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of Malebagar Irrigation System was conducted to examine the overall performance of the system with special focus on its O&M — to learn how the system is operated and maintained, what procedures of O&M and mechanisms had mobilized the essential resources for its O&M, and what improvements could be made to augment the production potential of the system. This is a small irrigation system managed by 59 water-user households. A complete enumeration of all these households was done using a pre-tested structured questionnaire to collect information for this study. (executive summary)5,55,56,5230,5The previous dams were abandoned and the present dam was constructed in 1964. Partial lining of the main canal supported by District Panchayat in 1977-1978. (2) IMP provided assistance in 1988-89 to construct permanent intake structures and lining the canal at different places.1,5
51284,2Gadkhar Irrigation SchemeMain canal, 4 branches bounded south by Likhu Khola and north by Tadi. Likhu is the source.2,59200,54,57000,52200,5-2-212,51IDA/World Bank2,5-2-23,51,51,51,51,54,53,5-1-121101979-19822,54,52,5-2140,5145,52,5-2-22,51,51,51,5-2-23,51,5Tadi and Likhu rivers1,5This source was shared by the mill before the petition of influential landownders. The owner was never compensated. Within 1000m of the upstream side lies intake of Thansing Phant Ko Kulo. Conflict during scarcity.2,53,53This is the first in a series of reports dealing with the implementation and functioning of various components of the Rasuwa/Nuwakot Rural Development Project. This report discusses the Gadkhar Irrigation Scheme, the most successful of three schemes undertaken by the Department of Irrigation with the financial support of the Rasuwa/Nuwakot Project. After reviewing the design, construction, maintenance and operation of the system, the report focuses on water management and economic analysis. The conclusion reviews the role of different groups in the implementation and operation of the system and suggests measures that could be taken by each to improve the Gadkhar systems and to implement other systems more smoothly. (introduction)5,55,56,5500,5In 1983, some repairs and construction were contracted out by DOI.2,5
51285,2Sewar Irrigated SystemAll together, the fields of ten villages are covered by these systems. The command area is elongated north to south. The command area is moderately sloped.4,5-13,5500,4-1-2-26,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,53,51,54,54,5-1-11110> 100 years ago1,51,52,5-2148,5168,52,3-2This system is one of the main Kula of Dang. There are three Kula from the same source. The other systems are known as Bansbote and Badahare Kula named after each village. The fields of ten villages are covered by these systems.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Sewar Khola1,5There are three Kula (canals) from the same source which cross the Sewar area, and each has separate organization for its operation. It seems because of the abundance of water in the source, that there is not any fixed rules about water rights. A farmer may be a member of more than one system if the fields he cultivates receive water from another Kula.2,53,52The focus of this study has been on farmer-managed irrigation systems — an informal organization, and the ways in which they perform irrigation management activities such as water acquisition, distribution, resource mobilization, as well as conflict management. (synopsis)6,55,56,5500,5Farmers, 1988, lining at few spots1,5
51286,2Kodku Irrigation SystemThe source of the system is Khotku Khola. It is a small stream originating at Guindaha. The stream separates itself with 2 parts at the outset.6,55670,514,5500,55170,5-2-28,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-12110-11,51,52,5-2349,5463,52,5-2Geographically, the system can be divided into 3 parts — head, middle and tail. Each of these manage the system in their own style.2,51,51,52,51,51,52,51,5Khodku Khola1,5A number of brick kilns are located along the canal and they get the water at the cost of winter crops. Also, this source is shared by grinding mills.1,53,51Kodku Irrigation System Organization of Patan is an example of different types of organization patterns within a system. At the head-end, farmers have assurance of water delivery and the farming community is a residential one so the irrigation activities are supported by socio-religious local trusts, whereas the middle portion of the irrigation system has a non-residential multi-functional irrigation organization. At the tail end the irrigation organization is non-existent because by the time they transplant paddy, monsoon starts and farmers do not have to depend on the irrigation water yet they have been included in the command area. Attempt is made to analyze the irrigation organization of the Kodku system in an historical perspective. Examples of changes that occurred in the system have been recorded. (preface)5,55,56,5500,5In 1965, HMG/Nepal undertook rehabilitation with the assistance of the Indian government.1,5
51287,1Arughat-Vishal Nagar Communal Irrigation System (AVCIS)There are a few small streams in the AVCIS. Small water chambers are constructed in each stream and water is channeled by pipe to fields. There are four pipelines named Nos.1-4. The size of the pipes depend on the volume of water. Because of high volume of water in lines #2 and 4, two water tanks are constructed at each.3,547264,3-14726,3-1-14,32Bread for the World2,4-2-23,4-12,4-21,4-13,3-1-111111981.51,46,52,5-26,330,52,5-2AVCIS carries out by using small streams through pipe networks with fund support from the Agricultural Development Council (ADC).2,49,4-11,4-2-22,31,5small streams2,4-21,52,52The general objectives of the research were to observe the communal irrigation system and how it could be harnessed toward the uplifting of the economic condition of the people. Specifically, the study intended to illuminate the processes of initiating, developing, operating and maintaining of the AVPIP. It was also to see the impact of the project in terms of cropping patterns, input demand, and community participation. An additional goal was to see the efficiency of the Development Club in managing the AVPIP. (pages 3,4)5,55,56,5-1-22,4
51288,1Mana Besi Phant Irrigation SystemThe Phant (plateau) is separated by three hydrological boundaries — Marsyangdi river to the south, Dhau Khola to the east, and Jhinge Khola to the west.2,31400,52,31100,3500,3-2-27,32-2-1-1-12,31,31,32,31,34,33,3-1-111101650.21,31,32,3-224,5-11,33,3Mana Besi Phant Irrigation system is composed of thre small irrigation systems: Kamitari Ko Kulo (upper), Tunibote Ko Kulo (middle), and Sera Ko Kulo (lower). Each system has its own intake structure. There exists close coordination among systems for water distribution during emergency periods.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Dhau Khola1,3The water is shared among three irrigation systems of Mana Besi Phant Irrigation System (lower, middle, upper). They have good understanding between themselves.2,33,52The study will try to focus on: physical characteristics of the system in relation to its intake, diversion structure and water delivery system, cropping patterns, cropping area and yield in each system, general way of water acquisition, allocation and distribution, socio-economic structure in relation to its social composition, and diversity or homogenity as well as market for products and their prices. (pages 3, 4)5,55,56,3-1Improvement of the existing canal capacity was carried out in the lower system once in the past (1974). The growing water conflict for the water distribution was solved through increasing canal capacity.1,3
51289,2Labdu-Dhikure-Sera Irrigation ProjectThe main canal follows the river to the vehicle crossing for Chawghada and then meanders along the foot of the hills above the tars. It has eight branch canals.2,514800,59,510000,54800,5-2-212,52-11,51,52,51,51,51,52,51,54,53,5-1-111101979.42,57,52,5-2400,5600,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Tadi River1,5No dispute because distance between the two intakes is more than 5000 metres.1,53,51This is the third volume in a series of reports dealing with the implementation and functioning of various components of the Rasuwa/Nuwakot Rural Development Project. The purpose of the reports is to analyze the components to determine whether they were undertaken and operated as planned and whether they have had the impact intended. This report discusses the Labdu-Dhikure-Sera Irrigation Project, on of three projects undertaken by the Department of Irrigation with the financial support of the Rasuwa/Nuwakot Project. The report discusses the design of the project, construction, maintenance and operation, and concludes with an economic analysis of the scheme, based on current projections. (introduction)5,55,56,52500,5-2-2
51290,2Kusuna-Gathauli Irrigation SystemThe canal network is earthern with the length of main canal exceeding 2km. The carrying capacity of the main canal exceeds 150 l/s during monsoon season, however a considerable decrease in the discharge can be observed during dry months.4,54200,59,52000,52200,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,51,5-1-111101957.51,51,52,5-2120,5120,52,5-2This system also gets a partial share of water from the Janakalyan Ka Kulo to augment the supply during paddy season.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,5800,5In 1977, one of the branch canals was damaged due to flood from Rapti river. Kusuna village itself rehabilitated. Rs14,000 for 15 bigha of land was raised. Also in 1979, the same branch was damaged and was reconstructed by a local cooperative, the district panchayat and beneficiaries.1,5
51291,2Kathar Irrigation SystemIt has 2 branch canals, and field to field irrigation is carried out because the branches are not provided with sub-branch canals to individual fields. Temporary diversion structure at Budhi Rapti.4,52750,52,5500,52250,5-2-212,51-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-111101890.51,51,52,5-2100,5103,52,5-2Two branch canals of this system, one going to Khayarghari (Ward no. 5) and the other to Kathar (Ward no. 2), get equal water share.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS. No water rights disputes.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,5500,5Farmers themselves have expanded the area irrigated from 69ha to 100ha within the last 10yrs.1,5
51292,2Kharkhutte (Upper) Irrigation SystemThe length of the main canal is about 4km with an average carrying capacity of 300l/s. The nature of the canal dyke is very unstable with critically vulnerable points of about 50m long each at their places.4,54130,410,54000,4130,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,52,5-21,5-1-111101961.51,51,52,4-273,573,52,4-2This system has an alternative source (Rapti River).1,5-22,51,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti and Rapti river (Janakalyan, Kha)1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS. The water rights are relatively well-defined and there is no conflict because of the abundancy of the irrigation water.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,53000,4In 1967 and 1975, farmers rehabilitated this system and in 1985, FIWUD constructed an irrigation canal called ‘Janakalyan Kha Kulo’ and provided water to this system for 70 bigha only (47 ha)1,5
51293,2Khairghari Irrigation SystemThe length of the main canal is about 1km and the irrigation is carried out directly from it.4,51000,50,51000,50,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-111101967.41,51,52,5-27,57,52,5-2The irrigation is carried out directly from the main canal.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS.In 1972, the new intake point created conflict with the Kharkhutte (lower) system, but the problem was rectified because the movement of the intake point did not affect the amount of water available for Kharkhutte (lower) system.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,51,56,50,5In 1972, the intake was moved to about 200m upstream of the previous place. Farmers raised Rs 1500 and contributed labor worth Rs 5,000.1,5
51294,2Kharkhutte (Lower) Irrigation SystemThe length of this canal is 2km with expected carrying capaicty of about 150 l/s. The cross-section of the main canal is rectangular with top width and depth being 2m and .75m respectively. There are 5 branch canals.4,54900,46,52000,42900,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,52,5-21,5-1-111101957.51,51,52,5-239,559,42,5-2The tail end of the canal drains to Gainda Ghol which is recycled for irrigation in Janakpur Irrigation system.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS. The water rights are relatively well-defined and there is no conflict because of the abundancy of water for irrigation.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,5500,4In 1967, the diversion structure of Khairghari irrigation system was moved about 200m upstream. In 1975, a high flood washed out the diversion structure. In 1980, the canal dykes and the intake point was rehabilitated with Gabiara diversion structure (a grant assistance of 7,000 from Dist. Panch.).1,5
51296,2Janakpur Irrigation SystemThe diversion structure is made of two layers of Gabian boxes accross the Budhi Rapti River. The total span of the structure is about 100m with 2m bottom width and height. Main canal originates from Budhi Rapti river. The system has 10 branches out of which five branches run parallel at one point.4,54880,510,53780,51100,5-2-212,51-22,5-2-2-12,51,52,51,52,51,5265,5260,511101932.41,51,52,5-2201,5223,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS. No significant conflict among the systems.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,51000,5In 1985, farmers initated an improvement project to build a permanent diversion structure, to improve the cross-sectional area of the canal, and to make a gated head regulator at the point of abstraction. District administration office provided Rs. 25,000, and local farmers contributed Rs. 50,000.1,5
51297,2Kapiya Irrigation SystemThe canal network is earthen with the main canal span of 3km. The irrigation is carried out through four branch canals and also directly from the main canal.4,56500,44,53000,43500,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,5-21,5-1-111101948.51,51,52,5-2168,5168,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,51000,5In 1960, a masonry flume was constructed over the main canal. A grant assistance of Rs 5,000 was provided by the district panchayat office in 1978 for the expansion of the system.1,5
51298,2Tin-Mauje (Kumroj-Dharampur-Sishani) Irrigation SystemThe canal network is earthen with the main canal span of around 2,000m. The average carrying capacity of the main canal is over 400 l/s which is distributed proportionately among the 3 branches through proportional weirs.4,56500,43,52500,44000,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,52,5-22,5-1-121101923.51,51,52,5-2173,5176,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS. But there seems to be no conflict among them.2,53,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,51000,5In 1981, a rehabilitation program was launched by the farmers of this system. A Gabion type of diversion structure and a permanent proportional weir to facilitate water allocation were constructed. The water users contributed money and labor during the construction. In 1989/90 permanent ……….1,5
51299,2Naya Simalghari Sathi-Bighe Irrigation ProgrammeA lined approach canal of nearly 50m with gated head regulator has been constructed to supply the water. The canal cross-section is trapezoidal with bottom width 1.5m and the side slope 1:1.5. The source of the system is Budhi Rapti river. There are five branches having permanent intake structure.4,53000,55,52000,51000,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,52,51,5-1-111101968.51,51,52,5-242,556,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS.1,53,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,5250,5The initial temporary diversion structure washed away during the monsoon of 1984. In 1986, the new structure was reconstructed. CARE/Nepal provided assistance in the form of cement, steel rods, Gabian wire. Also a loan of Rs 85,000 by SFDP.1,5
51300,1Budhi Rapti Community Irrigation ProjectMain canal is earthen. It has ten branch canals and all the cross drainage works in the canal alignment are RCC structures.4,3-110,55850,5-1-1-112,41SFDP of ADB/N and CARE/N-1-2-2-11,3-1-2-1-23,3-1-111101984.52,37,52,5-2386,5-12,5-2The water of Dharmpur sub-system of the adjoining Tin-Mauje Irrigation system is mixed in the main canal of this system at Tin-Muhan.1,4-2-21,4-2-21,41,5Budhi Rapti River1,4This source is shared by eleven independent FMIS. There is no conflict.1,43,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,510,5-2-2
51306,2Chhepetar Ko KuloTotal length of the main canal is 4km. It has open intake and a small regulator close to the intake. There are numbers of stream crossings and landslide zones where either super passage or hume pipes have been used.3,55850,54,53850,52000,5-2-29,51DIHM2,5-2-23,51,51,53,51,52,53,5-1-111101968.52,57,52,5-250,5100,52,5-2-22,52,51,52,52,51,52,51,5Sirdi Khola2,5-22,53,51Chhepetar Ko Kulo is in Taranagar Village Panchayat of Gorkha District. The village is inhabited by a mixed ethnic group, mainly Brhamin, Chhetri, Kumal and Newar. (introduction)5,55,56,5500,5Regional Directorate of Irrigation, Pokhara at different times.1,5
51307,2Sajhatar Irrigation SystemA number of other farmer managed canals are present in the command area. The area and the number of water users using this canal is not defined.2,57000,52,55000,52000,5-2-25,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,52,54,53,5-1-110001961.51,51,52,5-240,5120,52,5-2-23,51,5-23,51,51,51,51,5Khalte Khola and Lodi Khola1,5Though there is not a water right dispute at the intake, one of the Dhalpa reported that when there is inadequate water, farmers of the lower canal come to break the intake to get more water into their canal.2,53,53Sajhatar irrigation system is in Sishaghat village of Tanahu district. But the intake and the large part of actually irrigated command fall in Kaski district. The majority of users are Brahmin and Chhetri. (introduction)5,55,56,51500,5In 1967, at the request of the people of Sajhtar, DOI renovated to expand the canal, but none of these attempts helped to have an adequate and reliable water supply.1,5
51308,1Baireni Kulo Irrigation SystemLess than one hectare of land in the command area and a mill get water from Kulo nowadays, because after the first maintained part, the Kulo has broken in several places.3,3-11,2-1-1-2-210,32-2-1-1-12,31,31,3-11,34,33,3-1-111101982.51,51,32,3-21,33,32,3-2not in Rbase, only in Access, UF1,3-2-21,3-2-21,35,5Thapel Khola1,5not in Rbase, only in Access, UF2,51,4not in Rbase, only in Access, UF5,35,36,3-1not in Rbase, only in Access, UF1,3
51738,2BhitoriaPermanent intake structure, weired intake, 500 upstream another system at Bulbule intake (Bulbule intake).4,52000,52,5500,51500,5-2-210,52-2.2,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,52,51,5-1-111101790.31,51,52,502. Mai80,580,52,5-2-2.1,59,5-21,59,5-21,51,5Guwar Khola1,5Bulbule, Kanjawar and Lalora are in the upstream. Water conflict during dry season.1,53,525,55,56,5500,5Small Farmers Development Program of ADB/N and CARE/NEPAL, started: 1987, Finished : 1988. Built permanent intake structure and regulated gate, also excavated new canal.1,5
51739,2BulbuleBulbule irrigation system covers three villages in its command. These three villages are Bhitoriya, Pahelpur and Duruwa.4,5-13,53000,3-1-2-210,52-22,5-2-23,51,5-1-11,54,51,5-1-111101988.53,52,52,5-2.90,590,52,5-2-2.2,59,52,51,5-2-22,51,5Gwar Khola (stream)1,5Source is shared by Kanjawar and Duruwa and water rights are well defined.1,51,526,55,56,5-1Farmers improved the head work in 1986.1,5
51789,1Parwanipur Irrigation SchemeThe scheme lies on the foothills of the hill and is mostly a newly settled area. The command area is extended parallel with Kalingjor Khola (the only source) forming slight slopes (3-7 degrees) and local.5,3-18,54700,5-1-2-210,52-2-1-2-2-11,51,32,31,34,32,3-1-1111019581,51,52,3-2218,5400,52,3-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Kalingjor Khola1,5-21,52,52Parwanipur irrigation scheme is situated at the foothills of the Siwalik range, about 7km north of the East-West highway. The scheme has a net irrigated area of 218 ha with 317 beneficiary households. Farmers used to irrigate a subset of the existing command area by making a number of (about four) temporary river diversions in Kalinjor khola. The new scheme has a weir diversion with head regulator and undersluice. The project was started in January 1986 and completed in January 1990. The scheme is not yet handed over formally to the farmers. The initial estimate of the project was Rs 2,852,644. The estimate of the project was subsequently cut down to Rs 1,286,393. At completion, the total project cost was Rs 1,657,068. The scheme lies on the foothills of the hills and is mostly a newly settled area. Teenghare, Bhorlani and Parwanipur are the major villages of the command area. The bulk of the new construction consisted of headworks and lining of initial portion of the main canal. Besides these, the canal capacity was also increased by upgrading minor structures elsewhere in the scheme. (introduction)5,55,56,5300,5The rehabilitation was completed in 1990. Farmers were helped by CARE/N and ADB/N to construct permanent headworks, lining of the main canal, etc.1,3
51790,2Rajaiya Irrigation SchemeThe command area of the Rajaiya irrigation scheme lies on the transitional zone of Siwalik and Tarai physiographic regions. The command area is situated along the bank of Rapti river.4,54500,52,53000,51500,5-2-212,52-2-2,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-1111019741,51,52,5-220,520,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-2-22,5-22,5-2-23,52Rajaiya irrigation scheme is located in Makwanpur district 17km from Hetauda towards Narayanghat. The command area of the system lies on the left side of the East-West highway. The net irrigated area of the system is 20 ha with 37 beneficiaries. Project construction was started in December 1982 with total cost of Rs 225,609 including 50% grant and technical assistance from CARE/Nepal. (introduction)5,55,56,51500,5The rehabilitation of the scheme was done by farmers with loans and grants from ADB/N and CARE/N in 1984. The intake and portion of main canal was washed out 3 months later in June 1984. CARE/N accepting that lack of technical farsightness was the main cause of failure provided 2 pumpsets to . . .1,5
51791,2Barhakol Irrigation SchemeThe command area is situated on the Churiya range of the middle mountain physiographic region of Nepal. It appears to be an ancient river terrace.3,57000,57,52100,54900,5-2-212,52-21,3-2-22,31,32,3-21,53,52,5-1-111101986.51,51,52,5-267,5167,52,3-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,31,5Bagaha Khola-1-22,53,52Barhakol irrigation scheme is a hill scheme situated in Nawalparasi district. A foot trail from Rajahar (20km from Narayanghat towards Butwal) leads to the command area in a two hour walk. This hill scheme was initially constructed by beneficiary farmers in 1986 with the loan of Rs 100,111 (without subsidy) from ADB/N and alignment survey was done by the Public Works Department. In 1987 the main canal was damaged badly and the beneficiary farmers could not maintain it. Afterwards in 1988 the scheme was constructed from ADB/N loan and technical supervision with the total cost of Rs 348,815. The net irrigated area of this scheme is 67 ha with 73 beneficiaries. (introduction)5,55,56,52100,5This hill scheme was initially constructed by farmers in 1986 with a loan from ADB/N. In 1987 the main canal was damaged badly. In 1990 the scheme was again constructed from ADB/N loan and technical supervision. A RCC brest wall at the intake, stone pitching on the canal bed, super passage . . .1,5
51792,1Kumroj-2 Irrigation SchemeThe source of the scheme is Budhi Rapti. It has a high flow even in the dry season. The topograhy of the scheme area is slightly raised at the centre, south and north of the command area. There are some local undulations within the command area, probably mehanders which are locally called GHOL.4,5-114,53500,5-1-2-29,32-2-1-1-1-12,31,32,31,34,31,5-1-121101923.51,51,52,3-2390,5-11,51,3Prior to the rehabilitation and expansion farmers had a system built 67 years ago. That system had a total command area of 60ha with 60 beneficiaries. The old system became a part of the total system joining the new system at Tin Muhan. The beneficiary…1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti1,5-11,5-12Kumroj-2 surface irrigation scheme is situated in Chitwan district. This is a Tarai scheme about 9km south of the Parsa market on the Narayanghat-Hetauda highway. The construction of the scheme was started in Feb. 1984 and completed in 1987 with the total cost of Rs 1.7 million. The scheme was constructed by beneficiary farmers with assistance form ADB/N and CARE/N. This is a rehabilitated and expanded scheme with the net irrigated area of 390 ha benfitting 318 beneficiary households. (introduction)5,55,56,52500,5The scheme was rehabilitated and expanded by the beneficiary farmers with assistance from ADB/N and CARE/N. This process of rehabilitation was started in 1984 and completed in 1987. The canal was broadened, permanent intake with diversion structure, 9 pipe culvert and 4 superpassages constructed.1,5
51793,1Bepari Raha Irrigation SchemeThe source of the scheme is Bepari Raha, a river with a steep slope. The scheme is located on a fragile landscape. Because it is developed on a steep slope by weak geological materials, accelerated erosion has been increased by human activities.3,5-1-12500,5-1-2-27,32-2-1-1-12,31,32,3-21,34,33,3-1-11110-11,51,52,3-225,5-12,3-2-11,5-2-2-2-2-2-21,5Bepari Raha1,5-11,53,32Bepari Raha irrigation scheme is a hill irrigation scheme situated in Nuwakot district. It is about a 2 hour uphill walk from Devaghat Bazar. The scheme was constructed by the farmers with support from CARE/N and ADB/N. The net irrigated area of the scheme is 25 ha. Fourty six households benefit from the scheme. Construction of the scheme began in February 1985 and was completed in April 1986 with the total cost of Rs 142,732. Before this scheme, farmers had a system to irrigate about 10 ha of their land whose intake was in Baramane Khola. (introduction)6,51,3-2The scheme was rehabilitated by farmers with support from CARE/N and ADB/N. The construction was completed in April 1986. Intake was made permanent. Cross drain structures were made. A number of retaining walls were also constructed. The old canal alignment was totally changed.1,5
51794,1Balthali Irrigation SchemeCommand area of this scheme is a plateau and its soils are well drained. Land slides seems to be the major problem along the main canal.3,57500,5-14000,43500,3-2-26,32-11,32,3-22,3-11,44,41,34,33,3-1-1111019691,37,32,5-220,550,32,5-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Ludku Khola-1-12,53,52Balthali irrigation scheme is located in Balthali village of Kavre district. Balthali is about one hour walk from Khopasi. Walking distance to reach the source of this scheme is 4 hours from Khopasi. Khopasi is the nearest roadhead to approach this scheme which is not pliable in the monsoon. This is a typical hill scheme with 154 beneficiary households and has a net irrigated area of 20 ha. This is a rehabilitated/expanded scheme and water is drawn through partial stone diversion. The first phase of construction on this scheme was started in 1981 and was completed in 1982. ADB/N and Farm Irrigation and Water Utilization Division (FIWUD) of the Department of Agriculture were the agencies involved in this phase. CARE/N and ADB/N were involved in the rehabilitation phase which was started in 1985 and completed in 1986. (introduction)5,35,36,37000,3The first rehabilitation process of this scheme was started in 1981 and was completed in 1982. ADB/N and Farm Irrigation and Water Utilization Division (FIWUD) of the Department of Agriculture were the agencies involved. CARE/N and ADB/N were involved in the second rehabilitation phase . . .1,5
51795,1Kanjawar Irrigation Scheme, Duruwa VillageThe command area appears like an ancient river terrace of Babai Khola. The landscape of the scheme area is bounded by Cragari Khola and Kimb from the east to west, and Babai Khola from north to south. The source is spring water which is collected in a pond.4,3-19,51800,5-10,5-16,31CARE/N-1-1-1-1-11,32,31,34,32,3-1-11111-11,51,52,5-250,583,32,3-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Patkauh Pond and Gangawar Khola1,3Rules of water allocation and distribution as well as labour mobilization are well spelled out, little conflict has occurred. However at the inter-system level there is conflict for winter irrigation in allocating water from the Gaugawar Khola. The Kangawar system is supposed to recieve either 6 days of water or 1/4 of water supply during mustard and wheat cultivation period. . .1,53,32Kanjawar irrigation scheme is situated in Duruwa village panchayat of Dang district. The scheme is about 20km South-East of Tulsipur. This is a rehabilitated river valley scheme completed in 1988 with assistance from the Agricultural Development Bank and CARE/N at a total cost of Rs 533,937. The scheme was handed over to farmers on 13 August 1988. The net irrigated area of the scheme is 50 ha. There are 61 beneficiary farmers in the scheme. The major work done under the project is construction of the intake and truss aqueduct. (introduction)5,55,56,5700,5The system seems to be the result of joint efforts of the farmers SFDP. This is a rehabilitated river valley scheme completed in 1988 with assistance from ADB/N and a grant from CARE/N. A permanent intake and a 32m-long truss to support an aqueduct has been constructed.1,5
51796,1Balim Khola Irrigation Scheme, Rampur VillageThe source of the scheme is Balimkhola which is a perennial river flowing from north to south with a fairly mild slope. The intake is permanent. The idle length of the canal is 1200m which is lined.4,5-16,51300,5-1-2-29,31CARE/N-1-1-12,3-1-1-11,34,32,3-1-11110-11,51,52,3-2252,5-12,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Balimkhola-1-21,53,52Balimkhola irrigation scheme is situated in Rampur village of Dang district. This scheme is about 12 km away from the district headquarters Ghorahi. This is a rehabilitated river valley scheme completed in 1988 with assistance from the Agricultural Development Bank and CARE/N at the total cost of Rs 936,527.25. The scheme was handed over to farmers in July 1988. The net irrigated area of the scheme is 252 ha. There are 225 beneficiary farmers in the scheme. The major works done under the scheme are construction of the headworks and 1.2 km canal lining. (introduction)5,55,56,51200,5The rehabilitation was started by the farmers themselves, and was completed in 1988 with the assistance of ADB/N and CARE/N. Lining of 1200m long portion of main canal and construction of a permanent intake was done.1,5
51797,2Tulsi Irrigation SchemeThe source Ratu Khola has a very high discharge during the rainy season. Water discharges some km downstream is quite high in winter also. It has a very wide river bed near the command area. The command area extends parallel to Ratu Khola from north to south forming a gentle slope (3-5 degrees). Within 500m of system there is another system intake (Patu System). Conflict occurs during March- April.4,53000,57,51000,52000,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-1111019611,51,52,5-270,5-12,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Ratu Khola-1-12,51,52Tulsi irrigation scheme is situated at the foothills of the Siwalik range about 6km north of the Ratu Khola bridge along the East-West highway in Dhanusha district. It is a river valley system having net irrigated area of 70 ha. This is a rehabilitated scheme intervened by CARE/N and ADB/N. In order to make water supply reliable and to reduce huge annual labor contribution required for erecting temporary diversion, the farmers requested ADB/N to construct a permanent intake. A new intake was constructed by the project, which, however, was washed away by flood after two years. There are 102 beneficiaries in the scheme. They were irrigating their land by making temporary diversions each season. The construction of the project started in February 1987 and was completed in August 1988 with a total cost of Rs 526,120. (introduction)5,55,56,5150,5The rehabilitation process of Tulsi Irrigation Scheme was initiated by farmers. The major investment was for the construction of a new permanent intake and cement lining in the initial portion of the canal. The construction was completed by 1988.1,5
51798,2Baretar Irrigation SchemeThis scheme serves 5 TARS (small plateaus) of which 4 have high terraces and 1 has a low terrace. There are 6 FMIS within 1km upstream and 2 FMIS within 1km downstream of the intake.3,54750,52,54750,5-2-2-291CARE/NEPAL1,51,52,52,52,51,52,51,54,54,5-1-1111019873,56,52,5-230,430,42,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Gardiwa khola1,5There are 6 FMIS within 1km upstream and 2 FMIS within 1km downstream of the intake. Nothing is mentioned about water rights to this source in the report.1,53,52Baretar irrigation scheme is situated in the hills of Makwanpur district. The command area is about 8km from Chuniya, a small town on the Tribhuvan highway. A foot trail links the village of Baretar with the highway. This scheme was completed in 1987 at a total cost of Rs 259,000. The beneficiary farmers were assisted by the Agricultural Development Bank and CARE/Nepal in constructing this scheme. This scheme has a net irrigated area of 13 ha with 32 beneficiary households. It serves 5 TARS (small plateaus) of which 4 have high terraces (Kuwapani, Ambote, Aroubote and Jogidi) whereas one has low terraces (Baretar). This is a new scheme with new canal inlet and new canal alignment from 2 km downstream of the intake. For the first two kilometers it utilizes existing alignment of a drinking water scheme built by a landlord of the village. (introduction)6,55,5-230-22,5
51799,1Bandarpa Irrigation SchemeThe main source of water for this scheme is a perennial mountain steam called Ghatte Khola. Another source from which water is idverted to the main canal for rice season only is Sim Khola. Natural slope in the command area is variable from 21-30 degrees to as high as 40 degrees near the tail.3,5-16,5500,5-1-2-27,31CARE/N1,51,32,32,51,31,33,31,34,33,3-1-1111019881,56,32,5-214,5-12,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Ghatte Khola1,5There is a water right problem with an adjoining scheme which draws water from the same source at the upstream. The upstream scheme was extended prior to this scheme. Becuase of this reason Bandarpa farmers can’t make any case at the court.2,53,52Bandarpa irrigation scheme is a hill irrigation system located in Salle panchayat of Kavre district. From Dolalghat, the nearest roadhead, it takes four hours walk to reach command area of the scheme. The net irrigated area of the scheme is about 14 ha belonging to 16 beneficiary households. This new scheme was largely initiated by the beneficiaries of Bandarpa and was later completed with the assistance of ADB/N and CARE/N. The total expense incurred was about Rs 108,316. Most of the expenses were spent on digging out about 1.5km length of main canal. Construction was initiated by 16 households of the scheme in 1986 and was completed in 1988. (introduction)5,55,56,51000,5-22,5
51800,1Amaltari Irrigation SchemeThe source of the scheme is a perennial river. In a large scale study the micro topography of the command area shows many local undulations. The soils are formed from the recent coarse alluvial mixed materials deposited by Narayani river.4,5-15,51500,5-1-2-28,32-21,3-2-22,51,3-1-11,34,31,3-1-1111019791,51,32,5-250,5-12,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Chochadi-1-12,51,32Amaltari irrigation scheme is in Nawalparasi district and is located about 10km south of the East-West Highway. The scheme site is accessible by vehicle in dry weather conditions. This is a very old farmer managed Tarai irrigation scheme. The beneficiary farmers took a loan from ADB/N to construct a 6m long aqueduct in local drain 2.5km downstream of the main canal. The aqueduct was constructed under the ADB/N supervision at the total cost of Rs 92,116. Unfortunately, the pier and abutment wall were damaged by the August 1990 heavy flood. The net irrigated area of the scheme is 50 ha with 100 beneficiary hosueholds. There are about 39 fish ponds in the command area. (introduction)5,55,56,53500,5The beneficiary farmers took a loan from ADB/N to construct a 6m long aqueduct in a local drain 2.5km downstream of the main canal. The construction work was completed in February 1989. The physical part of the construction has ceased to exist due to a heavy flood in 1990.1,5
51801,2Laxmipur Irrigation SchemeThe source is Chitain Khola and Jutpani Khola (upper intake). The topography of command area is almost flat.5,57000,44,53000,44000,4-2-212,52-21,51,52,53,51,51,52,51,54,52,5-1-11110More than 100yrs ago1,51,52,502. Mai134,5146,52,3-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Chitain Khola and Jhim Khola1,5-2.2,51,52Laxmipur irrigation scheme is a rehabilitated Tarai scheme with the net irrigated area of approximately 134 ha. The scheme has 250 beneficiary farmers. The scheme was constructed by beneficiary farmers with assistance from ADB/N and CARE/N. The scheme is located in Sarlahi district about 9km towards Malangwa from East-West highway. The scheme site is accessible by vehicle in all weather conditions. The original estimated cost of the project was Rs 545,500. The construction cost of the project was Rs 276,195.67. The major components of construction were an intake and steel gates. The actual construction of the project was started on May 1986 and completed on February 1987 less the steel gates. The gates were put in place one year later. (introduction)5,55,56,5200,4The new construction was concentrated only on the regulating steel gate and making an aqueduct in the middle portion of the scheme. In February 1987, the scheme was constructed by farmers with the assistance from ADB/N and CARE/N. 20% of the cost by labor mob., 30% loan and 50% CARE/N contribution.1,5
51802,2Thulo Chaur Irrigation SchemeThe source of the scheme is Thulo Khola, which flows with a very steep slope. During the monsoon, Bhalu Khola, another stream, augments the major water discharge in the canal at 1.5km downstream from the main intake to irrigate the lower portion of the command area.2,53430,510,51200,52230,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,53,5-1-111101870.31,51,52,5-215,517,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Thulo Khola and Bhalu Knola1,5There are two farmer managed systems upstream and seven farmer managed systems downstream. One of these seven schemes lies about 40m downstream of this intake which influences the flow of water in this scheme during water stress period.1,53,52Thulo Chaur hill irrigation scheme is situated in Nuwakot district, about 1 hour walking distance from Devighat. This scheme was rehabilitated by the ADB/N and CARE/N. The net irrigated area of the scheme is 15 ha with 56 beneficiary households. The scheme mostly serves a low terrace called Nepaltar near the Trishuli river. Construction of this project started in March 1988 and was completed in February 1990. Major works completed under the project where widening of the main canal, lining on unstable zones, rock cutting and improvement of the intake. Total cost of the project is Rs 123,916. (introduction)5,55,56,5300,5This scheme was rehabilitated by the ADB/N and CARE/N. Major works completed under the project were widening of the main canal, lining on unstable zones, rock cutting and improvement of intake. The construction was completed in February 1990.1,5
51803,1Jamune Irrigation Scheme, Salle VillageThe scheme has two intakes spaced at a distance of 30m in the same river. Water from the intakes are used only during winter. For rice planting water is mainly sufficient which is fed to the main canal from a series of streams originating along the stretch of the main canal below the main intakes.3,3-1-11500,3-1-2-29,32-21,31,32,52,31,32,3-21,34,34,5-1-1111019751,51,52,5-210,520,32,5-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Majhuwa Khola1,5A court case was recently settled with regard to conflict with a private shceme which has intake upstream of Jamune scheme. This scheme was constructed after Jamune. The court decided that during winter season the upstream scheme will use water from the source for only 10 days and the rest of the days will go to Jamune.2,31,52Jamune irrigation scheme is located in Salle village of Kavre district. This scheme is located close to Bandarpa irrigation scheme. This scheme is at proximity of about 4 hrs walk from Dolalghat on the Arniko highway. This scheme has net irrigated area of about 10 ha with 37 beneficiary households. This scheme is an improvement on an existing farmer-managed irrigation scheme. Farmers had first initiated construction of this scheme in 1975 mainly to bring drinking water supply to the village. This scheme has two simple boulder-diversion intakes. Expansion of the existing canal, rock-cutting at crucial sections and improvement on the embankments were the important construction activities taken up during rehabilitation of the canal. The construction of this scheme was started in January 1988 and completed in March 1989. (introduction)5,55,52500,5Expansion of the existing canal, rock-cutting at crucial sections and improvement on the embarkment were the activites taken up during rehabilitation of the canal. Second intake was constructed during rehabilitation taken up by ADB/N and CARE/N. Construction was completed in March 1989.1,5
51804,2Bhalutar Irrigation SchemeSource: Dubu Khola, a perennial river. The system is divided into 5 small plateaus (TARS) by natural drains flowing from north to south. Upstream: one FMIS, and downstream: 2 FMIS.3,56500,56,55500,51000,5-2-29,51CARE/Nepal/ADB/N1,51,51,53,52,51,52,51,54,54,5-1-111101988.51,51,52,5-221,528,52,5-21,5-2-21,5-2-2-21,5Dubu Khola1,5Upstream of this intake, there is one FMIS and downstream there are two systems, one of which is 100m downstream and the other is about 800m. No conflict with these systems, sufficient quantity of water is available.2,53,52Bhalutar irrigation scheme is situated in Makwanpur district. A foot trail from the Tribhuvan Highway leads to the command area in a two hour walk. This hill scheme was constructed by beneficiary farmers in 1988 with assistance fom the Agricultural Development Bank and CARE/Nepal at a total cost of Rs 1.05 million. The net irrigated area of the scheme is 21 ha benefitting 93 farm households. The major portion of the command area lies in the low terrace along the Manahari river. Bhalutar scheme is divided into 5 TARS (small plateaus) by natural drains flowing from north to south. These TARS are Koksirang, Sirudanda, Betini, Bhalutar, and Banja Khet. (introduction)6,55,56,52000This system was rehabilitated/constructed by user farmers in 1988 with assistance from ADB/N and CARE/N at a total cost of 1.05 million Rupees. The old system irrigated only two plateaus (TARS) whereas the new constructed system covered 5 tars.1,5
51806,2Chaurasi200m downstream is another AMIS, Hyangja. The source is Yamdi river. Problem at source due to brush dam being washed away every year.3,52500,59,52400,5-2-212,521,52,53,52,52,5-21,54,52,5111018781,51,52,5-2100,5155,52,5-2-22,59,51,51,5-2-21,51,5Yamdi River1,5A DIHM constructed Hyangja Irrigation System 200 meters downstream has been running since 1986. The canals run parallel to each other. Hyangja command area covers 300ha. The head of Hyangja used to be the tailend commanded by Chaurasi before 1986.2,51,525,55,56,5500,51,5
51808,2PangduriThe water is diverted from Pandi Khola which has the fragile ecosystem on the main canal and one of the canals does not function due to landslides.3,55000,54,53000,52000,5-2-212,52-21,51,51,53,42,41,52,41,54,52,4111019611,57,52,5-220,532,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Paudi Khola2,5-22,51,525,55,56,53000,5Upon the request of the farmers, ADB/N small farmers development program provided 90% of the rehabilitation cost (30% loan and 60% HMG grant) to construct a new system (Manechhango) below and rehabilitate the existing system (Pangduri) during 1988.1,5
51810,2Rangdi KholaThere is another system, FMIS, 4km north of this system. The source is the same — Rangdi Khola — but there is no conflict over water allocation.3,52276,561500,5776-2-212,52-21,52,3-23,42,42,5-21,54,42,5111019521,51,52,5-220,535,51,51From another source — Daramdi Khola — water is diverted to irrigate additional area of 5ha at the tail end.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Rangdi Khola2,5-21,52,525,55,56,51500,5Hill Food Production Program launched by the Department of Agriculture, based on collective request of the users financed by WB. The construction included steel pipe to cross water, permanent lining of canals and distribution channel dug 1987-1988.1,5
51811,1Thuli BesiOne of the five irrigation systems managed by farmers. The source is Paste Khola and the system is located along the bank of Madi river bordering Kaski and Lamjung districts.2,52,5100,5-2-212,522,5-2-23,52,52,51,51,54,52,4111017901,51,51,5Paste-Thuli Besi20602,5-21,5-2-2-2-2-2-21,5Paste Khola1,5There are four other systems (all FMIS), one upstream and three downstream which cover an area of 40ha additional units of land. There is sufficient water available during monsoon. But during day periods, water is rotated among three systems upstream. Lower systems have sufficient water even during dry seasons.2,53,526,51,5-20,5Upon the request of famers, CARE/N provided assistance as stabilization of river embankments (watershed project) during 1988-1989. Besides working at the source, two aqueducts were also constructed.1,5
51812,1GhachchowkShares Lasthi spring with Lahachowk 200m below. Conflict over dam between the two villages.3,52200,5-2-212,521,52,52,53,51,51,52,51,54,53,511101500?1,5-22,5-2200,5200,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Lasthi Khola1,5500 meters down, there is another intake for Lahachowk system which was constructed under ILO assistance during 1979-1980. Since the farmers did not object to this during construction, there is conflict between these two systems. As a prior right, Ghachchowk farmers want all water in their system during dry season where as Lahachowk wants 50-50 water share.1,52,526,51,56,5Irrigation Line of Credit (ILC) under the World Bank provided assistance to make permanent intake structure, lining main canal and making aqueduct to expand area irrigated during 1989-1990.1,5
51813,1Lahachowk500m above the system is another FMIS, Ghachchowk. Conflict with this system. The source is a perennial rivulet, Lastha.3,52600,55,5900,51700,5-2-212,51International Labor Organization/DIHM1,51,41,33,42,41,42,31,44,42,4-1-111101850?1,51,52,5-21002002,5-2-21,4-21,51,4-2-21,51,5Lasthi Khola1,5500m up, there is another intake for Ghachchowk system, which now has permanent diversion structure constructed under Irrigation Line of Credit during 989-1980. There is conflict between these two systems for water, especially during dry seasons.1,53,436,45,56,4900,31979-1980: The system was rehabilitated by DIHM from ILO grants. DIHM has constructed the system by diverting water from Lasthi Khola, about 500m down the intake source from the Ghachchowk FMIS. Farmers diverted monsoon springs to increase volume of monsoon water.1,5
51816,1ThambesiSits on a terrace above the Kali Gandaki river. Relatively short canal.2,5-2-2100-2-2-2102-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,41,54,54,5-1-1111018001,31,52,5-230-22-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Saune Khola2,5-22,51,52Yoder examines the performance of three farmer-managed irrigation systems in Palpa District in western Nepal. He assesses the efficiency of the 3 systems with a concept called Relative Water Supply, which is a relation of the water supply to demand. Thulo Kulo was found to be efficient according to this standard and Yoder suggests that this was because of Thulo Kulo’s water share system, where water rights were divisible from land. There were incentives at both the individual and system level to use water carefully. Yoder also looked at Thambesi, which is a water constrained system. He hypothesized that a system highly constrained by water would have a strong organization. This did not prove to be the case. Head-end farmes could easily maintain the short canal themselves, they did not depend on the tail-enders for maintenance assistance and therefore equity was not a great concern. Yoder also looked at Kanchi Kulo.5,55,56,51002,5
52137,1Kanchi Kulo, ArgaliBounded on the east by an unirrigated hill, on the north by irrigable but unirrigated area, on the west by Saili Kulo, and on the south by Maili.3,510031002-2-212,52-22,52,5-23,51,51,51,51,34,53,5-1-1111017401,51,52,5-211,515,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Kurung1,5-22,51,52Yoder examines the performance of three farmer-managed irrigation systems in Palpa District in western Nepal. He assesses the efficiency of the 3 systems with a concept called Relative Water Supply, which is a relation of the water supply to demand. Thulo Kulo was found to be efficient according to this standard and Yoder suggests that this was because of Thulo Kulo’s water share system, where water rights were divisible from land. There were incentives at both the individual and system level to use water carefully. Yoder also looked at Thambesi, which is a water constrained system. He hypothesized that a system highly constrained by water would have a strong organization. This did not prove to be the case. Head-end farmes could easily maintain the short canal themselves, they did not depend on the tail-enders for maintenance assistance and therefore equity was not a great concern. Yoder also looked at Kanchi Kulo.5,55,56,520002,5
52301,1Seti Irrigation System2,538000,528,57700,523170,5-2-212,51People’s Republic of China2,5-2-22,51,52,51,52,52,52,5995,5790,5211019852,57,52,5-21030,51030,52,5-2The command area under this system is decreasing because of urbanization but at the tail end it is expanding.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Seti River1,5Water rights are not well defined.1,52,516,55,56,57700,5People around the canal, 2 farmers, 1991 Gabian wire above the canal.1,5
52302,1Bijayapur Irrigation System2,514640,54,54200,510440,5-2-212,51ICM2,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,51,5780,5700,421101952.52,57,52,5-21280,51310,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Bijaypur Khola1,5Bijaypur Lower Canal within 2.0km. Bijaypur Irrigation System gets affected in water scarcity times.1,53,536,55,56,54200,5Second Hill Irrigation Development Project under Asian Development Bank financing. The system was expanded from 220 ha to 1280 ha during 1980-1987. It has permanent new intake structure and main canal is completely lined.1,5
52303,1Ramghatar Irrigation ProjectAll together, the fields of 3 villages — Taksa, Suryafal and Ramghatar — are covered by these systems. The command area is elongated east to west. The command area is moderately sloped.3,510800,528,58000,52800,5-2-24,51DOI2,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,53,5-1-110001978.52,51,52,5-2220,5220,52,5-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Risti Khola1,5No dispute. Water right is not well defined.1,53,53,55,55,56,5500,5Farmers, 1983, lining at some spots.1,5
52304,1Begnas Irrigation ProjectThe headwork of BIS starts from Begnas lake and has 3 branch canals. The intake of the system is about 13km from Pokhara.2,513200,53,53400,59800,5300,5108000008,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,52,5-21,5655,5-121111883.51,51,52,5-2580,5630,52,5-2BIP has 3 branch canals. Cheru Kulo which was previoulsly irrigating Kimbesi area does not have any assured irrigation facility now because the surplus water from the Begnas lake has been controlled. However, the Kimberi area gets water through escape canal during peak period.3,51,51,53,51,51,51,51,5Begnas Lake1,5There is a dispute among the beneficiaries who registered their land in 1883 and 1933 and those who registered their land in 1957 in getting water shares. The reason being that farmers around BC-1 became the head enders, though these farmers are the new inhabitants in this locality.1,53,535,55,56,53800,5Farmers, 1989, Main branch canal and other structures were built. Also by DOI …1,5
52305,1Supaila Community Irrigation ProjectCanal covers area along the bank of Supaila Khola4,55000,54,5100,54900,5-2-210,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,51,52,51,5-1-1100019401,51,52,5-2161,5161,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Supaila Khola1,5No dispute (Bhainskute in the upstream)1,53,525,55,56,5500,5MPLD in 1966 constructed dam and main canal. CARE, 1988, reconstructed intake, main canal by lining.1,5
52306,2Rapti Pratapur Irrigation System (was Lothar)The main canal, including approach canal, six branch canals, and field channels exist. In addition, approach road and forest are adjacent to the system.4,527500,47,54500,423000,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-111101936.41,51,52,5-21072,51072,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Lothar River, Rapti River, and Manhari River1,5The Kulekhani hydro-electric power station uses the water from the Rapti River. Claims that it affects water supply.2,51,52To understand the status of different irrigation systems in Nepal, a series of rapid appraisals of irrigation systems was conducted from September 1985 to February 1986. These studies were done in cooperation with the Irrigation Management Project (IMP), a joint project of His Majesty’s Government of Nepal (HMG) and USAID/Nepal. IMP will institute improved irrigation management procedures in selected government irrigation systems in the hills and Terai in an effort to improve the performance of these systems. Simultaneously, IMP personnel will conduct long-term studies of farmer-managed irrigation systems in Nepal, to try to determine what lessons could be learned from these systems that could be applied to government-managed systems. (page 1)5,55,56,52000,5In 1972, new system was built because of flood. 300 laborers were mobilized for 22 days to build the main canal and intake-diversion on the Rapti River.1,5
52307,1Namtar Gara Sichai2,54000,50,54000,50,5-2-212,51ILO1,51,51,53,52,51,52,51,54,54,5-1-111101960.41,51,52,5-230,560,5-2-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Manahari Khola1,5No dispute1,53,526,55,56,52500,5Intervantion by ILO which finished in 1988.1,5
52308,2Jeevanpur Irrigation System4,52280,46,51500,4780,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-111101958.51,51,52,5-236,544,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River1,5Intake of Badgaon Kulo is at a lower elevation than the elevation of Jeevanpur Kulo, which has created dispute between these systems. Last year flood washed the earlier source of Badgaon Kulo and now the headwork of these two systems has become one. Jeevanpur Kulo has prior water right at the intake point.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,5500,4In 1988, FIWUD constructed bank protection walls to protect main canal from being washed away by Budhi Rapti River and a few culverts and regulators (weirs) at all the outlets of branches.1,5
52309,1BuradabarDhanaun VDC, Buradabar and Koilandanda village. 105 ha command area. Gaduwa Kulo is the primary source.4,5-14,51250,5-1-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,5-1-11,54,51,5-1-11110>100 years ago(1991)3,52,52,5-2105,5139,52,5-2-22,59,52,51,5-2-21,51,5Gaduwa Kulo2,5-21,53,526,55,56,5-1Farmers initiated, 1985. Headwork, lining at some spots of main canal and distribution base.1,5
52310,1Sisabas Parsauni Irrigation SystemThe main canal, 6 branch canals and field channels exist. Approach road and Royal Chitwan National Park are adjacent to the system.4,5-16,5-12300,4-2-29,52-21,51,52,53,52,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-111001965.41,51,52,5-2100,5200,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Rapti River1,5Mahadev Kulo on the upstream side and Padariya Kulo on the downstream side. No dispute.2,53,525,55,56,5-1Farmers, 1991, hume pipes (90m) are installed in Parsauni Ghol.1,5
52311,1Chainpur (Bhutiya) KuloThe command area lies along the bank of course-changing Kair Khola (river) in Wards 8 and 9 of Chainpur VDE.4,514750,510,55000,59750,5-2-212,522,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,54,51,5-1-1111019621,51,52,5-2280,5349,5-2-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Kayar Khola1,5There is another irrigation system (Pythuwa) which diverts water towards the west, and this system ? waters towards east from the same source. During season this system gets water during day and Pythuwa gets water during night.2,51,525,55,56,51000,5-22,5
52312,2Badgaon Irrigation SystemThe main canal originates from Budhi Rapti river but later on Dhongre Khola also contributes water to this system. This system has 8 branches.4,514000,58,53500,510500,5-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,52,51,5-1-111101931.51,51,52,5-2149,5149,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Budhi Rapti River and Dhungre Khola1,5About 11 FMIS share this source.2,51,52It was considered appropriate to prepare a complete resource inventory of the irrigation systems from Budhi Rapti River. Such an inventory is expected to develop a picture of the numbers, sizes, and types of systems in terms of the draining water and also in terms of social structure that exists for determining rules and regulations for allocating water, for repair and maintenance of the physical structures and for resolving conflicts over water matters. It is also expected to identify the present farming system along with possible modifications within the command area of some of the newly completed or rehabilitated systems. Further, the study is visualized to generate lessons for future directives on issues such as the operation and maintenance of the irrigation system in general. (page 7)5,55,56,53000,5Farmers init. in 1988, a culvert in Dhungre Khola and head regulator was built by FIWUD. Outlet structures were built at different branch canal points.1,5
52313,1Mudabar Irrigation SystemThe command area lies about 3km south of Bhandara Bazar which receives water from Rapti river towards north. Soil structure is sandy loam due to proximity of course changing Rapti River.4,531000,56,57000,524000,5-2-212,52-22,52,5-23,51,51,52,51,54,51,5-1-111101955.51,51,52,5-2135,5135,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Rapti River1,5Towards upstream side of the intake of this system (in Rapti River) lies intake of Mahadebtar, Mahadels Kulo, Sisabas, Paderiya Ko Kulo within 4km. There is no dispute for water because of adequacy.2,51,525,55,56,51500,51990, ISSP (Irrigation Sector Project) provided covered aqueduct and drainage humepipes at problematic sites.1,5
52314,1Serabagua Bandh-Tharpu, G.B.C. ChhangIn Tharpu on Myagdi Khola, Tanahun District.2,5900,46,5300,4600,4-2-212,52-22,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,52,52,5-1-111101790.31,51,52,5-218,518,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Myagdi Khola1,5No dispute. Two intakes aboves, they will break the closest one if it is installed in chait.1,53,526,55,56,5300,4ILC in 1991 improved headworks, installed regulator gate, and 100m canal lining. Farmers contribution: Rs 8,862 in cash, Rs 36,000 in labor. ILC contribution: Rs 500,000 ILC.1,5
52315,1Goyang ShantipurIt has two sources, one of which is now not available. It has a temporary intake and a 1600 meter-long lined main canal.3,54100,4-11600,52500,3-1-112,41ILO, ONDP2,32,3-23,3-12,3-2-1-23,3-1550,399901981.52,36,52,4-243,4-12,5-2not in Rbase, only in Access, UF1,34,31,4-1-2-21,31,5Goyang Khola, Tanting Khola-1not in Rbase, only in Access, UF2,53,4not in Rbase, only in Access, UF5,45,56,51600,4not in Rbase, only in Access, UF-2
52317,1Bangeri Irrigation System-15,56000,54,32000,54000,5-2-212,52-1-2-22,5-12,3-21,34,3-1-1-11110-11,51,52,5-2300,5-2-2-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5-11,5The water rights of this system are not well defined.2,51,525,55,56,5-1Farmers took a loan several years ago to finance improvement of a stretch of leaky main canal, which was solved by putting in a one-sided concrete bank.1,5
52318,1LogainLocated in the terai in Kapilvastu District. Water taken from Banganga Khola via TIN GAON KULO. 60 hectares.5,5-1-13000,4-1-2-28,42-22,52,5-23,51,52,5-21,53,51,5-1-111111941.41,51,51,5Banganga Kulo60,560,52,5-2-22,59,53,52,59,53,51,51,5Banganga Khola2,3-21,51,32Logain is located in Kapilvastu District about 1km north of the East-West Highway, 35km west of Butwal. The Logain Mauja covers about 60 hectares of land. The Banganga is the source of surface water, two deep tubewells have been sunk to provide a source of water for the dry season.5,55,55,53000,5Two tubewells have been sunk with help from ILC.1,5
52319,1Khageri Irrigation SystemThe main canal is very long. A number of causeways are provided at different points of the main canal in order to safely dispose the surplus water collected from small lakes and drains in the forest area.4,5112500,59,522500,590000,5-2-26,41Govt. of India2,5-2-23,51,51,53,41,53,41,5-1-112111968.52,57,52,5-25000,45500,42,5-2-23,51,51,53,51,51,51,51,5Khageri and Panchakanya River2,5-21,53,535,55,56,5800,4Heavy flood of 1990 washed out the concrete aquaduct near Gitanagar in the main canal and was replaced by three lines of hume pipes of 1m diameter at the cost of NRs 800000.00 by providing some semi permanent pillars by Chitwan Irrgation Project.1,5
52320,1Laxminagar Branch (Banaganga Irrigation Project)The service area of this branch is located at about 10 km north -east of Taulihawa. The area is covered with medium and medium to fine textured soil.5,5-1-13340,5-1-1-17,5-1Bilaspur Dy-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1Taulihawa Branch1ADB,IFAD, UNDP2,5-2-23,51,51,5-1-121111982.52,56,51,5Banaganga Irrigation Project6205,57500,52,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,52,53,51,5Main canal of Banaganga(Kaila and Banaganga river)1,5Tail enders of Banaganga Irrigation Project do not get adequate supply most of the time.1,51,53,5Out of various branches , Laxminagar Branch which is in the head reach section gets about 60% of irrigation delivery.5,55,56,5-1
52321,1Arjun Khola Irrigation ProjectEight tertiary canal within the boundary of appropriation resource facilitate for distribution of water.4,528000,45,57000,421000,4-2-210,5-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-15000Bangain Irrig. Sys.2-22,5-2-23,51,51,54,51,5259,5240,5211018431,51,52,5-2475,5570,52,5-2-23,51,5-21,5-2-21,51,5Arjun Khola1,5This system has prior water rights. Bangain system is at 5 Km down stream from the headwork. There is no disputes so far.1,53,53,5EEC had assisted this system during constructing the headwork, deep tubewell boring, road, agriculture extension program and sanitation program. There is no pre commitment about the future maintenance and management responsibility of the system.5,55,56,51200,5EEC (Europian Economic Committee) constructed a headwork, service roads, crossdrainage structures, water dividers and lining of approach canals in 1987.1,5
52322,1Pusaha Sinchai YojanaThe main canal of this system has to pass through various vulnerable points which need frequent repair and maintenance.5,516000,45,56000,510000,4-2-211,43000Bisasaya System-13-101-1-1-1-12-22,5-2-23,51,51,5-1-111101790.31,51,52,5-2750,41000,42,5-2-23,51,5-22,51,5-21,51,5Pusaha Khola1,5Bisasaya system exists at 3 km upstream of this headwork but no dispute so far experienced.1,51,53,5The headwork which was constructed previously got washed out and repaired this year by DIO. DIO is also supposed to clean 1 km length of the canal from the headwork. Effluent disposal system of Lumbini Sugar Mill has created hindrance to the flow of water.5,55,56,55500,4DIO has recently repaired headwork of this system at somnath upon the request of farmers .1,5
52323,1Siari Irrigation SchemeThis system has a main canal of 15 km and only one branch.5,528000,42,515000,413000,4-2-28,47000Kajrar271000Tin Muhan1Minor Irrigation Project (Govt. of India )2,5-2-23,51,51,521101961.52,56,52,5-23350,46000,42,5-23,51,51,51,5-2-23,51,5Siari Khola (Tinau)1,5Janghatta Irrigation System, which offtakes from the same headwork at Siari Khola with that of Siari Irrigation Scheme has prior water right. Consequently irrigators of this system are disadvantaged during dry season.1,51,53,55,55,56,53000,4
52324,1Dohani Irrigation SchemeThe headwork of this system starts at the tail end of Laxminagar branch of the Banaganga Irrigation System in Kapilvastu district.5,58000,55,53000,55000,5-2-25,5-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11DOI2,5-2-23,51,51,5-1-111101790.41,51,52,5-2300,4884,42,5-2-22,59,51,51,5-2-21,51,5Jamwar river1,5-21,51,53,55,55,56,52000,5
52325,1Majhariya Minor (Nepal Gandak Pashimi Nahar)Majhariya Minor is one of the longest canal of Nepal Gandak Pashimi Nahar. The land within this minor os more or less fertile and the boundary of appropriation resource is mainly governed by availability of irrigation water.5,5-122,58500,5-1-2-28,4-1Bishnuganj Branch-1Bhujawa Minor1Govt. of India2,5-2-23,51,51,5-1-132101967.52,57,51,5Nepal Gandak Pashimi Nahar8700,59179,42,5-2-23,51,51,51,5-2-23,51,5Main canal (Narayani River)1,5According to the design discharge capacity of the main canal, full supply in the canal was never released, consequently this minor never receives designed supply.1,51,53,5Majhariya Minor offtakes at the RD of 14.235 Km andthe regulating structure at its intake is more or less in operating condition, but the tailenders complain about the nonavailability of water.5,55,56,5-1
52326,1Barmajhiya Distributary (Chandra Nahar)Barmajhia distributary offtakes at a running distance of 14.7 Km frm the headwork of Chandra Nahar. The lands are fertile as the source of this system (i.e. Triyuga river) originates from hills bringing a lot of organic matter.5,527810,5154710,523100,5-2-210,41869Kanchanpur distri…372212713Subbatoala distri…1British India2,5-1-13,51,51,5-1-121101928.52,57,51,5Chandra Nahar11000,512000,52,5-2-23,51,51,51,5-2-23,51,5Chandra Nahar (Triyuga river)1,5Distributaries in the upstream side get water during spring season also and grow spring paddy. However, no major dispute exists.1,51,53,5This distributary needs to be cleaned and repaired for efficient delivary of water as there is a major complain of water unavailability5,55,56,5-1
52327,1Manusmara Irrigation System (IInd Phase)It consists of a gravity run-off type of AMIS from Manusmara river. It serves 3200 ha of southern Sarlahi up to the border of India.5,571260,47,514500,556760,39-2-211,56000Manusmara I phase-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1Sudhama system1Indian Cooperation Mission2,5-2-23,51,52,4-22,5-21,5-1-132101982.52,57,52,5-23200,53500,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Manusmara river1,5Phase I of Manusmara system offtakes at a distance of 6 Km up-stream from the headwork of this system. Sudhama Irrigation system in the downstream side has also been proposed. But there is no dispute of water as the water availability in the river is adequate.1,53,51,5The system has great potentiality for increasing agricultural production. This system is perennial with permanent headwork.5,55,56,51500,4
52328,1Ghatbesi Irrigation Project (Bhimsen Kulo)The appropriation resource lies on the bank of Kali Gandaki River. The area represents a typical hill river valley and the appropriation resource is a Tar made by the same River. The soil in most part of the resource is fertile.2,55484,55,53125,52359,5-2-27,5-2-23330200-1-1472-22,5-2-23,51,52,521101793.31,51,52,5-232,575,52,5-23,51,5-21,5-2-23,51,5Tandrang Khola1,5No dispute. Prior water right belongs to this system.2,53,53,55,55,56,51823,5The system was constructed about 200 years ago during the time of Bhimsen Thapa. The system was not working for a long time. The farmers approached to several agencies and DOI surveyed in 1975 and started rehabilitating in 1980. The main canal was lined, gabbion structures were constructed, …1,5
52329,1Kaltari Irrigation SystemIt consists of about 15 ha of land in ward 2 of Khoplang VDC, Gorkha. It takes about 5 hours walk from Terakilo of Gorkha-Khairani road. The area is separated by Budhi khola, the source to the north and east and the contour canal to the west.3,51535,5-21535,5-2-2-25,51ILC2,5-21,53,52,51,5-22,5-23,5-1-1211019903,56,52,5-215,460,5-2-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Riste (Budhi khola)1,5No1,53,53,5The officially documented service area of this system is 60 ha. But it serves only 15 ha at present. The number of water users are only 13. Most of the tail enders are disadvantaged. The source of the water is very small.6,55,56,5-2
52330,1Dhuwakot Irrigation ProjectIt lies at the northern bottom of Dhuwakot range. Its source is Chukti khola. It serves 40 ha in ward 7 and 8 of Dhuwakot VDC. There is a large forest and stone querry.2,54647,56,53000,51647,5-2-29,520-11604036200-11USAID (RCUP)2,5-2-23,51,52,5-21,54,52,5-1-1111019852,52,52,5-240,550,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,5Chukti khola1,5No dispute1,53,53,5The system is not handedover to WUO but all the management is done by WUO. DIO gives some assistance for maintenance in cash.5,55,56,5200,4
52331,1Aandhi Khola Irrigation System, Branch No. 2It consists of a 1284 meter tunnel from Aandhi Khola and a long main canal. It falls under the irrigated area of Branch No. 2. It is about a one hour walk east from Galyang Bazar at Siddhartha Rajmang.3,5-1-1-1-1-2-28,5-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11UMN2,5-22,52,51,51,54,54,5-1-1211019923,56,51,5Aandhi Khola Irrigation System-1-12,5-2-23,58,51,51,5-2-23,51,5Aandhi Khola1,5No dispute. Water rights are well defined.1,53,53,5This is a unique system developed by UMN in a hill region of Nepal. The system is financed by NORAD (Norway Government). The model of the physical system is complex but seems to be under a test stage for hilly region.5,55,56,5210,5
52332,1Rampurphant Irrigation Project Branch 2The system serves a large tar (flat land) along the Kali Gandaki river. The soil type varies from sandy loam to gravelly.2,54000,52,5500,53500,5-2-210,53000-125224191000-11ADB/World Bank2,5-2-23,51,51,52,51,54,51,5320,5300,532101989.52,56,51,5Rampur Phant Irrigation Project130,5230,52,5-2-23,52,51,53,52,51,51,51,5Nisdi Khola1,5No dispute. Primary water right is accrued to this system. There are no upstream systems within 3 Km and 1 Km downstream from the headwork of this system.1,53,53,5The major portion of the main canal is lined. The project was initially financed by ADB and later on World Bank assisted for major hydraulic structures and incomplete works. Seven percent of the total cost was shared by the appropriators.5,55,56,5450,5
52333,1Chapakot Tar Irrigation System, Branch No.22,5-1-1-1-1-2-29,5-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11WB2,5-2-23,51,53,5-1-13210199234,51,5Chapakot Tar Irrigation System50,5280,52,5-2-23,52,51,51,5-2-23,51,5Jyagdi Khola1,5No dispute, water rights are well defined.1,53,53,5The system is planned to be handed over next year. At present, repair and maintenance are carried out by the project.5,55,56,520,5
52334,1Fall No.1 East Canal (Hardinath Irrigation ProjectThe service area is in the head reach of eastern canal. No control structure are there to regulate the flow wihtin this branch (Fall).5,5-1-11951,5-1-2-210,41Indian Cooperation Mission2,5-2-23,52,51,5-1-111101967.53,57,51,5Hardinath Irrigation System1800,42000,42,5-2-22,59,51,51,5-2-23,51,5Eastern canal1,5Although there is no formal prior water right but being at the headend beneficiaries of this branch get adequate supply provided water is flowing in the canal1,51,53,5There are about 20 offtaking points in the Hardinath Irrigation System. The outlets mostly offtake from the spots where falls (drop structures) are constructed. This branch offtakes at a distance of about 1.5- 2 Km from the parent system’s headwork in the eastern canal.6,52,55,5-2
52335,1Block-6, BSC-1 (Narayani Irrigation Project, NEC)The service area of Block-6 is about 10 km west of the project office. The majority of flow in this branch’s secondary canal comes from Tilawe river. The land is fertile.5,5-17,41500,4-1-2-28,4-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11Government of India2,5-2-23,51,51,5-1-122101971.52,57,51,5Nepal Eastern Canal27844,537400,52,5-2-23,51,51,51,5-2-23,51,5NEC and Tilawe rivers1,5Although the beneficiaries of BSC-1 get the augmented supply from Tilawe barrage in addition to NEC, no dispute could be noticed so far.1,51,53,5BSC-1 under Block-6 is a very small component of NEC but block-6 has been selected as a pilot site for NEC as water availability in this location is more reliable.5,55,56,5-1
52336,1BL-2, B Canal (Narayani Lift Irrigation Scheme)BL-2 of ‘B’ canal offtakes near Lanku. The ‘B’ canal is 17.6 km long. Water is directed into ‘B’ canal after single stage pumping from pumphouse ‘A’.5,5-1-1-1-1-2-24,4-2-2-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1BL-31ADB2,5-2-23,51,51,5-1-132101982.52,53,51,5Narayani Lift Irrigation Scheme8025,48600,42,5-2-23,51,51,53,59,52,53,51,5B-canal of NLIS (Narayani river)1,5No dispute over water rights noticed.1,53,53,5This is a lift irrigation scheme comprising of two pump houses. Pump house A lifts water from Narayani river for B canal and C canal. Pump house B lifts water from diversion canal for C canal.5,55,56,5-1
52337,1Jawai Irrigation SystemThis system has two branch canals. The field channels have not been constructed. Generally, the soil type is loamy.511000260005000-2-28-2-2010001000-2-22DIO/Small Irrigation Scheme311321-1-12111198322-2602002-2-231-231121Jawai2-2131The major portion of the main canal is lined. The headwork and the distribution system is maintained and operated by the agency (DIO) but farmars occasionally donate labor to clean the distribution system. The headwork is permanent at the source. The source is not a river but water is collected in a pond from the spring of nearby forest.6563000-2-2
52338,1Hardi Primary, Marchawar Irrigation System5,595002,540005500-2-2600010003000001UNDP2,5-2-23,51,5-2-2-2-21,5-1-12110199226,51,5Marchawar Lift Irrigation System200056002,5-2-23,51,5-23,51,5-21,51,5Tinahu (Dano)2,5-21,53,51,5The system is still being constructed. The agency is trying to form water users’ organization. The irrigation water is lifted from Tinahu river. The Hardi Primary is one of the branches of the lift irrigation system.5,55,56,51000-2-1
52339,1D1 Branch, Koshi Pump Canal5387802327806000-2-27-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-11Indian government2,5-2-23,51,5-2-2-2-21,5-1-1111019892,56,51,5Koshi Pump Canal9885131802,5-2-23,51,5-23,51,51,51,51,5West Koshi Main Canal (Koshi river)1,5-21,53,51,5From the Koshi River, a large irrigation system has been constructed by the Indian government. According to the Koshi Plan Treaty, Indian government should provide a water discharge of 320 cuft/sec for southern and 400 cuft/sec for northern part of Koshi west canal. The pump canal offtekes the water from west koshi main canal. Two pump houses, A and B, lift the water 50 ft high, A lifts 21 ft and B lifts 29 ft above the level of Koshi Main canal.6,55,5-17000-2-2
52341,1Simra Irrigation ProjectThe command area of this system comprises of isolated piece of tars made by Tadi river. The soil types are mainly silty loam to sandy loam having good fertility.2,5-19,510200,5-1-2-26,4-1-19151010000Labdu-Dhikure-Shera1World Bank/IDA1,51,52,53,51,51,53,52,5-22,5-1-1321019922,54,52,5-2400,4420,42,5-2-22,51,51,51,5-2-22,51,5Tadi river1,5No prior water right2,53,53,55,55,55,560,4
52342,1Lauri Ghol KuloThe source is perennial spring. The land is lowland as compared to other side near these area. The amount unit of water is constant every year but depends on rain.4,53500,42,525000,41000,45,512,400-2-2-2-2-21-2-2-2002-22,5-2-23,51,52,5-22-21,5111019791,51,52,5-24702,5-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,53,5Lauri Ghol spring water2,5-22,54,51,5-22,5
52343,1Dudh Koshi Shukha Khola-1 KuloTemporary structures of gabion box at the hradwork. Canal is not lined. There are a few culverts of humepipe across the distribution resource.4,53100,42,5200,42900,4350,53,41000Shrijana Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-261500DudhKosi Sukha2 Kulo2-21,51,42,53,52,52,5-21,52,51,5111019761,51,52,5-2243,42,5-2This system is seasonal one, Water is available only for 2 to 3 months in a year during monsoon.1,5-2-215-2-21,51,51,5Dudh Koshi Khola1,5No any type of dispute so far concerning the irrigation water.2,54,53,40,162,5The system was designed for 13 hectares in 1976. Beneficiaries and potential area is ……..
52344,1Chana Pokhari Kulo4,536004,5160020005,49,50Belsi Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-22-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,51,51,5019081,51,52,5-22702,5-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,52,5-2Chana Pokhari1,5Chana Pokhari Kulo and Belsi Kulo are irrigated by the source of Chana Pokhari. So far there has been no dispute or conflict.5,51,5-22,5
52345,1Kyampa KuloPerennial source. However, water is available for 8 months in a year (June to January). Temporary headwork, canal is not lined. The main or the only source of this system is the Pampa Khola.4,56002,48,53500,42502,4300,48,50Pakhadibas Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-23300Chautara Kulo2-21,41,42,41,52,41,42,41,52,53,5111019701,51,52,5-285842,5-2The irrigation water is available during monsoon and two months of winter season. The water allocation system is better during monsoon as compared to the rest of the months.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Pampa Khola1,5No dispute so far among the stakeholders i.e. Pakhadibas, Kyampa and Pampa irrigation systems. This is because the water is distributed among the stakeholders on equity basis.2,54,5-11,502-1
52346,1Pampa Irrigation SystemThe system has aperennial source with permanent headwork since 1989. This system has a conflict with Jundi Chipleti Kulo.4,53700,52,51700,42000,4960,49,51000Jiundi Chipleti Kulo-2-2-211-2-213230Chipleti Kulo2-21,42,42,43,42,52,5-21,54,52,511101969.41,5-22,5-270,470,42,5-2-21,511,5-21,511,5-21,51,51,5Pampa Khola1,5The conflict exists between Pampa Kulo and Chipleti Kulo regarding the water rights1,52,52,525,32,5This system can be considered as one of the excellent systems in terms of group working. The appropriators are cooperative nature. The appropriation resource is divided into six small groups (Toli). Depending upon the availability of water in the source, two of these tolis appropriate irrigation water in a day. During monsoon all the six tolis have access to adequate water. Hence there is no need of rotation system. However during winter and summer season there is no adequate water and the time allocated to irrigate one Kattha (0.05 ha) land.
52347,1Chatra Khola Pakadibas Kulo-14,52800,43,51200,41600,4150,43,52500Sukumbasi Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-211500Pipra Kulo2-22,4-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,51,511101971.51,51,52,5-214,40-2-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Chatra Khola1,5No disputes so far.2,54,51,502,5-1
52348,1Dudh Kosi Amelia Pani Ghol Danda Gau Kulo-14,52175,53,51350,5825,5400,54,5125Karauya Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-25500Tugra Kulo2-22,5-2-23,51,42,5-21,52,51,5111019711,51,52,5-127,44,42,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Dudh Kosi Khola and Amelia Pani Ghol2,5-22,54,51,5-22,5-1
52349,1Karaiya Kulo-14,52000,52,51000,41000,41007,47,41500Pipra Hulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2800Baseuli Kulo2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,51,50More than 100 years1,51,52,5-24001,51,5-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Chatra Khola & perennial spring from Dudhkosi site2,5No dispute so far about water rights.2,54,51,502,5-1
52350,1Bhatani Phat ko Kulo-14,55000,47,5425,5675,41650,46,450Gaida Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21300Belchaur Kulo2-22,4-2-2,53,42,52,4-2,51,42,4-1111019221,51,52,5-2167,4234,42,5-2-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Kair Khola1,5-12,54,51,5-22-1
52351,1Chyatryang Kulo-14,58000,432000,46000,42000,44,5-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2500Sukumbasi kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,51,52,51,5111019701,51,52,5-1266,44002,5-2,5-2.51,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Chtara khola1,5No disputes2,54,53,512,5-1
52352,1Basauli Kulo-14,52850,43,52300,4550,475,45,41200Karaiya Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2150Lothar Khet Ko Kulo2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,41,51001816.31,51,52,5-266,40,51,51,5The main source is Chatra Khola. It acts as distribution resource to irrigate Basauli Magani village. Basauli Kulo encompasses two systems: Basauli Kulo and Tikul Kulo.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Chatra Khola2,4No disputes so far.2,55,51,5-2-2-1
52353,1Chipleti KuloThere are 8 branches under appropriation resource. They are somewhat sloppy towards south. Banks are neither protected nor lined except in some cases where it was seriously damaged.4,571000,48,54000,54000,41000,46,49Pampa Kulo10000-2-2-22500Kyampa Kulo2-21,52,5-2,53,52,52,52,51,52,51,5111019711,5-22,5-2141,4334,42,5-2The main source is Pampa khola with two headworks, one in upper side and another in lower side of Pampa kulo. The lower side source is the major source.1,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Pampa khola1,5This system has dispute with Pampa kulo system. The case has taken to the high level court.2,54,53,5152,5This system lies north of east-west highway and the appropriation resource runs from north to south. Two headworks of some system were found. One was 995 meters above and the other was 9 meters below the Pampa kulo headwork. And thus the state of dispute was observed. The resource from upper headwork irrigates 9 bighas of land which is in Kora VDC. However, the major irrigated area lies in ward no 5 of Birendranagar VDC. Alternative sources were found and they were Kali and Jest (Jethar) khola.
52354,1Bairani KuloIt is believed that the irrigation system was first developed by the Tharus before 1846. There is no lining as well as bank protection.4,57500,49,53500,4715015012,55000Khurkhure-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-242000Surtani2-21,52,5-23,51,52,5-21,53,51,5111018461,51,52,5-211002,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Pampa khola1,5No dispute so far.1,52,51,5-22,5The system is efficiently running. The intervention was made for the first time in 1987 by Farm irrigation inwhich, headwork was made somewhat permanent type by using concretes and wirenets, several division boxes flumes and hume pipes were added to the system. The water availability is through out the year and they take turns for appropriation in winter sometimes depending upon the source condition. And the amount of water is decreasing over time of the probable cause they have showed is like due to permanent headwork which suppressed the spring water source.
52355,1Belchi Kulo-14,55300,43,53500,41800,41250,43,3700Bahare-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-20No name2-22,5-2-23,52,52,4-24,52,51,5111019051,51,52,5-223302,5-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Kair khola2,5-12,54,51,51,52-1
52356,1Jyamire kulo-14,59850,46,54000,45850,4500,43,4150Kashi gaon kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-29300Bahare kulo-1-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,51,51,5111019631,51,52,5-155,402,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,52,5-2Ground water2,5-22,54,51,5-22,5-1
52357,1Baheri Kulo-14,55500,410,53000,42500,41200,44,52000Jyamire Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21000Belchi Bahera Kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,51,52,51,5111019241,51,52,5-2.546362,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Kair Khola1,5-2.52,54,51,5-2,52,5-1
52358,1Chiuri Ghol KuloThere is a perennial source of spring water around the Ghol.4,54515,55,52500,52015,5550,59,5200Ladhari kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-212-2-22-21,51,52,41,52,51,51,51,52,52,4222019831,51,52,5-233,40,41,52,5Chiurighol tallo kulo irrigates lowland. It is very old system. Construction date is unknown. Upallo (upper) Chiuri ghol irrigates upland and was constructed in 1983.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,53,5Chiuri Ghol1,5Fish farm about 1 hectare pond. Pond lies just near the canal and there is no well defined water rights and there is no dispute and conflict.2,54,53,50,822,5-1
52359,1Chatra Pipra Kulo-14,52200,41,51500,4700,4600,42,41000Pakadibas Chatra-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-241500Karaiya Kulo2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,51,5111019811,51,52,5-215122,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Chatra khola2,5-22,54,51,50,52,5-1
52360,1Chainpur Kulo-14,513200,410,56500,46700,4950,412,460Pithuwa kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2204000Kashi Gaon Kulo2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,51,5111019621,51,52,5-2300,4600,42,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Kair Khola2,5-22,54,51,50,52,5-1
52361,1Patihani Kulo – 2 Tallo-14,11450,43,51000,4450,4400,44,41000Patihani kulo -1-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-250-2-22-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-22,5-21,5111019511,51,52,5-122-22,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Patihani khola2,5-22,55,51,5-22-1
52362,1Belchaur Kulo-14,56650,510,52900,53750,5300,54,51500Kalika Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2750Khaireti kulo2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,51,5111019301,51,52,5-2107,4106,42,5-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Budhi kulo2,5-22,54,51,50,52,5-1
52363,1Khaireti Kulo-14,51700,32250,31200,3300,3850Bhateni kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-220002-21,42,52,53,51,52,41,5-2,51,5111019591,51,52,5-235482,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2-21,51,51,5Kair khola1,5No dispute2,54,51,5-22-1
52364,1Amiliya Madhavpur Kulo-14,57530,44,56600,41900,43000,43700Belchi & Khaireti-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-29100Pithuwa # 7 Kulo2-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,41,52,51,5111019611,51,52,5-168,568,52,5-2This is a seasonal system, fed by Kair Khola.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Kair Khola2,5-22,54,51,5-22-1
52365,1Madhavpur 7 & 9 Budhi Kulo-14,56100,45,53000,43100,4150,5450Amiliya Madhavpur-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-212300Madhavpur 8 Upallo2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-21,52,51,5221019751,51,52,5-2941082,5-2-21,5-2-21-2-2111Kair Khola2,5-22,54,51,5-22,5-1
52366,1Baireni Pakadibas Ko Kulo.The primary source is Pampa Khola and secondary sources are- Kali Khola and Gagate Khola.4,510762,313,58000,32762,34000,321000Pampa Irri. Scheme-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2100Chautari Sichain.2-2.51,41,52,43,42,52,5-21,52,51,511101923.31,51,52,5-269,5-22,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Pampa Khola.1,5There was conflict on water withdraw at production resource with Baireni Pakadibas Kulo. But, somehow, they settled down these things at district administration office and now they are withdrawing equal amount of water.2,54,51,502,5This system was found one of the oldest among several systems that are withdrawing water from the same source i.e. Pampa Khola. Majority of the users are Tharus and they claim that the canal was dug for the first time by them.
52367,1Chautara Kulo.The water is carried all the way upto 550m from headwork in underground way. It was supported by Farm Irrigation. There are 3 branches irrigating almost equal amount of land.4,526003165020005506,5500Cyampa Kulo-10-1100001750Badahara Kulo1Farm Irrigation (initiated by SFDP).1,52,5-23,52,52,5-22,5-21,5111019861,57,52,5-2.533,602,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Pampa Khola.1,5No disputes.1,51,5-11,5-22,5An intervention was made in 1986-87 by `Farm Irrigation’ to design and construct this system. Nevertheless, initiation was made by SFDP- Nepal and later on, work was undertaken by Farm Irrigaion involving all the users group. Users have contributed 25% of the total investment. The system is working satisfactorily till the time of data collection and field works.
52368,1Madhavpur Tallo ‘Kha’ Kulo-14,53756,49,52000,41756,4300,43300Madhavpur Upallo-2-21-2-21-2-21-2Bakulahal Budi Kulo2-22-2-23212121111019731,5-22-232542-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Kair Khola1,5No dispute.2,54,51,5-22,5-1
52369,1Madhavpur Uppalo Kulo.-14,56630,46,52750,43880,4750,44,5350Madhapur 7&9 Kulo10000-10-13300Madhavpur8(west brn)2-22,5-2-23,52,51,52,51,52,41,5111019711,51,52,5-250-12-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Kair Khola.1,5They have got good understanding and yet no disputes found.2,54,5-1-12,5-1
52370,1Una Tol Ko KuloThis system was first constructed in 2014 BS. The flood damaged the system in 2027 and thus from 2027 to 2038 it was non functional. After that farmers constructed the canal/intake4,51300,4-21200,4100,4200,43,41500Gothasar ko Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-22-2-22-22,42,42,53,42,52,5-22,4-21,5111019571,51,52,5-233,533,52,5-2Until 1970, the service area was 20 ha and after reinitiation of the canal in 1980, the command area highly increased.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Ladari khola1,5No disputes. Water right is well defined and canal is clearly shown in land reform map.2,45,5-11,5-22,5There is limited water in the resource and is very seasonal. The farmers can have an access upto three months. Now they are heavily dependent on underground water using pumpset.
52371,1Dhuseri mul ko tallo kuloPerennial spring (mul) is the primary source of the system. Mul emerges generally in the month of Ashad or first of Shrawan.4,52300,42,51800,41500,4700,47,52Dhuseri upallo kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21000Rangawa kulo2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-22,4-21,50-21,51,52,5-230,530,52,5-2Dhuseri kulo has two sources. The tallo Dhuseri is the main source of this kulo. There is no formal organization established yet.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,53,5Dhuseri Tallo Mul2,5No disputes.2,55,4-11,5-22,5The source is spring mul, which is perennial one. The headwork or intake is open type and water diverts from the mul.
52372,1Surtani KuloNo canal lining and no bank protection. The resource lies at lower elevation compared to other resources in that location. Chatra Khola demarks the North-West part of the location.4,539504,525003900500121500Bairahani-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-211000Parsa2-21,52,5-23,42,52,5-21,52,51,5111019731,5-22,5-25802,5-2-2.51,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Pampa khola1,5No dispute with above systems. But there is dispute with Parsa. They have got legal rights therefore the users of Parsa steal water at night.2,52,5-11,5-22This system has got more water than others, because it is in lower elevation compared to others. It was found that 20-30 years ago it supplied water Basauli Kulo and now has stopped due to insufficiency of water.
52373,1Kalika Kulo-14,5-13,53000,4-1550,44,52Phath ko Kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-22-21,51,52,53,52,52,5-2,51,54,41,511101957.41,51,52,5-279,479,41,52,5-11,5-2-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Kair Khola1,5No disputes so far.2,54,51,5-22,5-1
52374,1Patehani Kulu No. 7-14,52734,422500,4230,4350,43,4500Pateni Thulo Kulo 6-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-221000Pateni kulo No 52-22,52,5-2,53,52,51,53,51,53,51,5110019621,51,52,5-214,424,42,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Patehani Khola1,5So far there has been no disputes.2,54,51,5-22,5-1-
52375,1Madhavtar KuloLothar Khola is the source of this system. It is a perennial source and serves 133 ha in monsoon and winter, and 120 ha in spring because of leakage problem in the canal.4,57000,44,52000,45000,460,412,4-2-2--2-2-2-2-21-21-2800Bagar ko Kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,51,52,5-2,51,51,51,5111019221,51,52,5-2.5132,40,42,5-2,5There is no any potential area or extended area.1,5-2,5-2,51,51,5-2,51,51,51,5Lothar Khola1,5-2.51,52,5-13,525,42,5The WUA is not registered and there is no any fixed tight rules in water allocation or distribution at the appropriation resource because of sufficient surplus water at the intake.
52376,1Panchakanya Irrigation SystemPanchakanya Mul and named as Panchakanya river and there is a pond and it runs downward to the Khageri reservoir4,5420012,4No system exist-2711191111800Khageri Irri system1NCCN/ADBN/HMG1,51,51,53,51,51,51,52,5-2,51,5211119762,53,52,5-21296001,41,5Debauli kulo encompaasses this system2,53,53,52,53,53,52,51,53,5Panchakanya mul(river) &Butter khola1,5In 1974 Khageri system &panchkanya system had dispute and DOI setteled the dispute.1,53,5-12,41001,5-1
52377,1Naya Jamune kuloNo any reservoir and bays. Presence of temporary field canal and main canal.4,52608,45,51200,41408,4100,44,51300Sukha kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-26700Amelepani kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,51,52,51,5111019821,51,52,5-235391,51,5Chatrang kulo irrigates 20 hectares in the tailend area of this system.1,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Sukha khola1,5No dispute among sukha kulo, Chatrang kulo and Amelepani kulo2,54,5-13,4-12The system is seasonal and irrigates only rice crop. winter and summer crops are dependent on rainfall.
52378,1Bakulahar Birta-14,54700,56,52000,52700,51000,53,41500Madhavpur Tallo ‘kha-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2150Debauli kulo2-22,52,5-2,53,52,51,52,51,52,51,51110over 100 yrs-11,52,5-2.590,434,42,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Kair Khola1,5no dispute2,54,5-21,5-2,52,5-1
52379,1Sukha-2 kuloThe resource has no any branches. The appropriators withdraw units directly from the outlet of the main canal.4,5500,4-2500,4-210,42800Sukha 1-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2200Amelia pani kulo2-21,41,42,43,52,51,43,41,52,51,5111019761,51,52,5-214162,5-2The down stream system of Kancha sahuko kulo and sukha 2 was combined into one system.1,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Sukha Khola1,5No dispute.2,54,5-11,5-2,52,5The system is smaller and shortest one. The distribution resource is only 10 meter in lengthe, hence is to repair and maintain.
52380,1Dubichaur KuloThe system is constructed by farmers. The ERIP has installed check/ control regulator. No lining of canal or bank protection. System lies south to the East-west highway.4,55595,391425,32320,31125,31215Mahadevtar ko kulo-2-2-2-2-21-2-2-2600Bagar Kulo2-21,52,5-23,51,52,5-21,52,51,5111019651,5-22,5-21161162,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Lothar Khola1,5No disputes.2,54,5-11,502,5-1
52381,1Khurkhure Badara kulo-14,55800,42,54500,43300,42500,42400Chautari kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-22250Budhi kulo2-21,41,42,43,52,52,4-21,52,51,5111019581,51,52,5-2801332,5-2,5After 1970, the potential area decreased from 133 ha to 80 ha, because of use pumpsets instead of using the water from the canal.1,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Pampa Khola1,5water rights is well defined among Pakhadibas, Kyampa and Khurkhure Badar kulo. There is no any dispute/conflict because of equitable distribution of water from the source.2,54,5-11,5-22,5There is no any external support forthe repair and maintenance of the system. The system is seasonal only, hence depends on rain water.
52382,1Ranghewa KuloThe source is spring water (mool), irrigating from July to November. There is sufficient water durinh monsoon. Because of surplus water there is no fixed water distribution rules.4,52600,44,51400,41250,4350,47-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21350Jewan gurau kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,51,51,51,50over 100 years1,51,52,5-241412,5-2The capacity of the system is more than 41 ha as there no land remained unirrigated. The drain water of this system is used for Jewan gurau kulo to irrigate 12 ha of land.1,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,53,5Ranghewa Mool1,5No dispute because of surplus water.2,54,5-11,5-22,5The source is perennial spring (enough for 7 months) when the spring water Mool emerge the irrigation water is sufficient to irrigate.
52383,1Debauli kulo-14,53900,42,52700,41200,41750,43,450Bakulahar budhi kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-240002-12,5-2-23,52,51,42,51,51,51,5111018591,412,5-2501352-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Kair khola1,5-12,51,5-11,5-2,52,5-1
52384,1Daduwa kuloThe production resource is in the forest area and it lies upstream from Mardar khola. The appropriation resource is relatively flat and linked with East-west highway.4,54200,53,52050,42150,42050,410,4-2-2-2-2-2-21-2-21291800Beluwa kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,51,51,52,5-2,52,5-21,5111019751,51,52,5-2.535582,5-2,5-2.51,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Mardal khola1,5No dispute.2,54,5-13,51,42,5-1
52385,1Beluwa Martal Upallo KuloThe appropriation resource lies in Beluwa village along and south of east-west high way at Bhandara VDC 9. Eastern boundary of the system is Martal river, the only source of this system.4,53900,42,53500,41900,42000,45,4100Hawaldar kulo1-2-2-2-2-2-2-242200Beluwa Martal kulo1-21,5-2-23,42,52,5-21,53,41,5111019731,51,52,5-224522,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Martal Khola (river)1,5No dispute regarding water rights so far.2,54,5-11,5-22,5-1
52386,1Kalimati IrrigationSystemPerennial spring (Doria soto) is the source of the system. No rules exist regarding the production resource. The system irrigates 14 ha land.2,5425,42,5300,4125,435,412400Top Bdr ko kulo-2-2-2-2-21-21-2500Sukura Ram ko kulo1CARE/Nepal+SFDP of ADBN2,5-2,5-2,51,51,42,5-2,52,4-2,53,5110018171,51,52,5-214142,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,53,5Doria Soto2,5No dispute1,52,5-13,562,5The system was initiated three generations ago. CARE?Nepal provided 50% subsidy and ADBN provided 30 % and 20% was the labor contribution by the farmers. Construction included concrete headwork, concrete weir and 25 meter lining in 1993. System is operating in an excellent condition. Easy to repair and maintain. However, there exists no any written rules for the system.
52387,1Khurkhuria sinchai yojanaGauriganga is the source. Cross regulators exits in every branch except for one.The water is allocated to each branch according to the land area of the respective branches.5,512800,45,56000,46800,42500,412,412000Andaiya kulo-211-2311-2-21-2-21ILCDIO2,5-2,5-2,53,51,52,5-2,52,4-2,51,522111915-2,51,52,5-26006002,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Gauriganga river2,5-21,53,5-13,50,52,5The headwork is permanent Barraz at the Gauriganga river. The Barraz bank is protected by concret weir and Gabbion box.
52388,1Chhamuri kuloAfter the intervention by the ILC under rehabilitation program the command area increased thereby extending the system to Rajena, Ghorai and Bharatpur.2,56800,42,54800,42000,4100,410,42000Uppallo kulo-2-21-212-2-21500Ambapur kulo1ILCDIO1,41,41,51,51,52,4-2,51,51,42,5110017941,51,52,5-2.5333,3333,32,5-2,5-2.51,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Katuwa khola2,5-21,52,5-13,5252,5The drain water of this system is utilized by Satgaula kulo. The repair and maintenance of this system is purely responsibility of the headender at the headwork (production resource) and the canal cleaning (disiltation). The tailender do not help in repair and maintenance of the headwork because most of them are business man and political leaders.
52389,1Gangdi kuloRehabilitated by ADBN.Permanent headwork,1km lining and two aqueducts existed. 3 years ago 1 aqueduct at Gangdi village branch canal cracked and replaced by temporary diversion str.4,54500,35,43000,31500,31500,312,51500Sukumbashi kulo-2-2211-2-21-22500Gilani ko kulo1ADBN1,51,51,51,51,41,51,42,4-2,53,511oo1,51,52,5-21901902,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Gangdi khola2,5-21,52,5-13,5332,5Three years ago, the heavy rain damaged the gabion box at the headwork and flume. At present the system is not functioning because of destruction of various structures. The users (Tharus) of one branch complaint against the fact that the other branch (users i.e., Yadavs)did not contribute labor for the construction and repair of the damaged structures, as a result the system is not functioning.
52390,1Ranigar Irrigation SystemPermanent headwork and 33% bank protection. the system is in exellent condition. While there is sufficient water during monsoon, water becomes scarce during winter.2,54500,32,53000,31500,3200,412,41000Lamidamar kulo-2-2-2112-21-2500Khoria bandh kulo1ILCDIO1,52,4-21,51,52,4-22,4-23,5110019011,51,52,5-22232232,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Ranigar khola2,5-21,52,5-13,5332,5ILCDOI supported for headwork construction and lining (33% of the total canal length) of the production and distribution resource. the farmers have been managing the appropriation resource in their own capacity.
52391,1Hudrahawa Sinchai YojanaThe system has a permanet headwork. The water from the barraze is being diverted to 3 villages through its branch canals (distribution resource) throgh a proportional weir.5,516500,321,44000,312500,3500,59-2-213-2-2-23-21-26000Barsauli Fulika Badh1ILC/DIO1,5-2,5-2,53,51,52,5-2,52,5-2,51,51101> 300 years1,51,52,5-2106621332,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Hudrahawa2,5-21,53,5-13,52-1The system was constructed was completed in 1997 April with ILC/DIO assistance. It has not been handed over to the users yet. Prior to the intervention bu the ILC, the system was seasonal only (i.e. monsoon). After the construction of the barraz (headwork), and proportional weir in each branch canals the the potential area increased from 1066 ha to 2133 ha. There are three branches of distribution resource for three villages.
52392,1Lalmatia irrigation systemCAREADBN construted one flume, two escapes and the distribution weir or division boxes.4,58250,38,45000,33250,31500,312,5-2-21-21-2-21-29-2800Bankhet ko kulo1CAREADBN2,5-2-2,53,51,52,5-2,52,5-2,51,5110019651,51,52,5-2133,4133,42,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Rapti river2,5-22,54,5-13,512,5This system was initiated by the migrants from the hills in 1965 and they had strict rules wnd regulations concerning repair and maintenance, water distribution, labir contribution and fines. there is no conflicts.
52393,1Kanjawar kuloThe headwork is permanent concret weir structure. Bhitoria, Kanjawar and Bulbulia kulo distribute water proportionally.2,56200,33,45000,31200,43000,312,51200Khaluwagaun kulo-2-21-21-2-2-2-2350Bulbulia kulo1CARE1,41,42,41,41,51,41,51,42,52,5211118981,51,51,5Duruwa kulo82,482,41,41,4-13,59,53,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Ghaur khola1,5No dispute.1,52,5-11,502,5Appropriators from all three villages clean the system up to the headwork.
52394,1Tedhi bandh irrigation system-15,579500,31420000,359500,31500,412,5-2-2-2-21-2-24-2-214000Gurgi kulo1DOIILC2,5-2,5-2,53,51,52,4-2,51,52,51,51101-12,53,52,5-2120012002,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Kataini river2,5-21,51,5-13,512,5The command area is 1200 ha dut the irrigated area is increasing as the drain water is being used by the non appropriators and there is no rule for drain water utilization.
52395,1Pratappur irrgation systemThe system is fed by Chorahi river. ILC constructed headwork.4,536950,413,511500,425450,41500,412,5-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21ILCDOI2,52,5-23,52,51,52,42,4-2,51,5100019962,58,52,5-2700,4767,42,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,5-2,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Chorahi2,5-21,52,5-11,50,52,5-1
52396,1Ambapur ko kulo-12,57000,3-2,57000,3-2,54000,35,3-2-2-2-221-2-2-2-2-21500Katuwa tallo kulo1CAREADB2,4-2,5-2,52,52,52,4-2,52,4-2,53,411001994.52,58,52,5-2.559,466,32,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Bamla khola2,5-22,54,5-13,5-2,52,5-1
52397,1Kani nala ko kuloThe sourceis drain water from forest perennial spring.5,51350,53,51000,5350,5500,59,4-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2101500Sourua nala ko kulo1ADBN2,5-2,5-2,51,51,52,5-2,51,52,51,5110119872,58,52,5-218,5402,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,53,5-2,5Kani nala2,5-21,52,5-13,5502,5dispute arose because of the Govt. settlement program. The new settlers cultivate the land and decreases the area of the resourvoir.
52398,1Rampur Simaltar kulo-12,51050,41,51000,450,4100,412,4200Ghimire khutti kulo-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21600Simal khali kulo1CAREADB1,4-2,4-2,53,41,52,5-2,52,4-2,52,4111018971,5-2,52,5-116,5-22,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Gabari khola1,5-22,5-1-11,502,5-1
52399,1Kachila ko Ganar KuloThere are two distinct canals: upper (headender) and lower (tail ender canal) in ward no. 1 and 2. The water is allocated to these canals based on the land size.2,511300,310,43500,37800,3200,3118000Jaspur Ko Kulo-2-2-2-2-25-2142000Gothawa Kulo1ILC/DIO Tulsipur1,52,5-2,51,51,51,41,41,51,53,51,5During Tharu King3,47,42,5-22002252,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Gwar Khola1,5-21,54,5-13,40,042,5This system used to be two different systems called as Kachila and Kachili before the ILC intervention. The ILC constructed one single headwork for boththese systems and combined the systems into one called as Kachila ko Ganar Kulo in 1993
52400,1Guhar Ranigar Irrigation SystemTemporary headwork, but retaining wall constructed at weak points. Perennial flumes constructed by ADB/N. Canal not lined. Connection of the system with Kwang river increased the flow.1,59000,32,56000,31200,3150,38,41000Jahadagau kulo-2-27-2-2-2-2-2-21000Rajheni kulo1ADB/N, CARE11102,4-2,43,42,42,4-2,31,44,41,51110over 100 years1,4-22,5-2.54804801,51,5xcept for the spring there remains sufficient water. The addition of water from Kwang khola to this system has increased the flow and volume of water.1,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Guhar-Ranigar Khola1,5-22,54,5-11,40,042,5-2
52401,1Dangali Chhap KuloThe source is Rapyi river. Temporary headwork. Systems covers 1868 ha of 12 villages. ILC intervened on-going project.4,523070,312,510000,313070,3500,41215000Gobardia Barkapat Ku-2-21-21-2-2-2-28000Takiapur ko kulo1ILC/DIO2,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,52,5-2,51,5110019331,51,52,5-2.58688682,5-2,5-2.51,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Rapti River1,5No conflict regarding the system.2,54,5-11,503,5The system is being maintained by the users themselves. ILC supported financially for the construction of one aqueduct and one escape.
52402,1Bhitoria kuloThe headwork is constructed at the Gohar khola and the distribution point is cemented at Patkhauli. there is one regulator and one culvert.2,53500,54,52000,5750,51500,58,51500Bulbulia kulo-2-2-2-2-21-211-2-21CAREADB2,4-2,5-2,53,41,52,4-2,52,4-2,51,5111018961,51,52,5-2100,480,42,5-2,5-2.51,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Gohar khola2,5-21,52,5-13,50,52,5-1
52403,1Parewatar irrigation systemSteep hill on the both side, no permanent structure at the headwork.3,511500,4-2,511500,4-2,5200,46,5200Baireni kulo6-2313-2-224500Saimati kulo1DOIILC2,5-2,5-2,53,52,51,51,51,54,54,511101983.3-1,51,52,5-2.535,4120,42,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Thopal khola2,5-22,54,5-13,5162,5-1
52404,1Thumki irrigation systemNo permanent headwork, chances of landslide in case of heavy rainfall.3,53000,4-2,53000,4-2,5100,412,5-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21-22000Aanptari kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,52,5-2,53,511101977.51,51,52,5-2.56,410,42,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Arun khola2,5-22,54,5-11,5-22-1
52405,1Manikapur irrigation systemThe system is operating only in winter. There is 50 m retaining wall and one cemented aqueduct. There is slight spatial variation.2,58500,43,54500,44000,420,46,41000Dudhras kulo-2-22-2-2-2-21-21500Manikapur kulo1CAREADB1,51,41,43,52,51,33,32,4-2,51,511101897.31,51,52,5-2.575,497,42,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Sakram Khola2,5-22,51,5-13,512,5-1
52406,1Mastar irrigation systemExistence of steep slope and concret weir at the headwork, no lining.3,51800,4-2,51800,4-2,51400,512,51400Birauta ko kulo1-23-2-2-2-2211800Dovan ko kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,52,5-2,54,511101847.41,51,52,5-2.54,57,42,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,4-2,51,51,51,5Kali khola1,5-21,52,5-13,552,5-1
52407,1Sukaura besi irrigation systemExistence of steep hills, about 50% lining of the canal.3,55000,4-2,55000,4-2,51125,412,5-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-21-2-22ADBN2,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,52,5-2,54,511101997.43,56,52,5-2.514,514,52,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Rushi and Satmule khola2,5-21,52,5-13,5502,5-1
52408,1Bishaltar Irrigation SystemNo permanent headwork ,steep hills on both sides of the system.3,57000,4-2,57000,4-2,51000,410,41000Chauki ko kulo1-25-23-2-2191700Khaireni kulo1DOIISP2,5-2,53,52,51,51,51,51,5-1,54,511101996.51,57,52,5-2.511,570,52,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Charaundi khola2,5-22,51,5-13,5102,5-1
52409,1Bichali Badehar-15,59200,32,53700,35500,3700,312,42000Lamtiya, Ramnagar-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-224000Ratanpur1ILC2,5-2,5-2,53,51,52,5-2,52,4-2,51,51110> 100 years1,51,52,5-2.5566-12,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Jamuwar2,5-21,52,5-11,5-2,52,5It appears that the farm land is at higher elevation than that of the headwork. The command area is larger. The same water allocation is being follwed even after the ILC intervention. The farmers ( of ward No. 6, 7, 8, and 9) are also appeared to be no so satisfied because of the faulty design of the headwork. However the crop yield has sligtly increased. The system gets water from JHARAN (drain water) of the source known as Jamuwar Ghol (wetland). The rules are also not strictly followed. Canal meeting is held once a year.
52410,1Chisa Pani Sinchai YojanaTemporary headwork with gabion boxes.4,49150,34,54500,34650,3500,4123500Maya Basti ko kulo-2-21-21-2-21-25000Kalakate ko kulo1CARE/ADBN2,5-2,5-2,53,52,52,5-2,52,5-2,51,51100> 100 years1,51,52,5-2.520202,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Ranasing Khola (river)2,5-22,51,4-11,5-2,52,5The appropriation resource is together with farmland is surrounded by the resource of the system (Ranasing river) and forest.
52411,1Munuwa Irrigation ProjectThe users live near the appropriation resource. The system is in very good working condition.5,514080,46,55000,58000,42525,4125000Durgauli ko kulo-2-211-28-2-28-2-21ILC/DIO1,41,42,53,42,51,52,41,52,51,5333119031,51,52,5-2300,4450,42,5-2-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Kullaharia Nala1,5No dispute (-2)1,52,5-11,5-2,52,5The system is in very good working condition, with 6 branches and 15 sub-branches. The head work is concrete weir and barrage system.
52412,1Supaila Irrigation System-14,54590,44,53000,41590,4100,47,4-2-2-2-22-22-2-22-2-2-21CARE/ADBN1,41,41,43,42,31,42,42,4-2,51,51110> 150 years1,51,42,5-2150-2,52,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Supaila2,5-21,52,5-13,522,5-2
52413,1Judi khola irrigation system.No permanent structure at the headwork, no upstream users.3,52100,4-2,52100,4-2,51400,412,5-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-25400Ambate kulo.2-22,5-2,5-2,53,51,52,5-2,51,53,54,511101996.51,51,52,5-2.59,515,52,5-2,5-2-1,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-21,51,51,5Judi khola2,5-2-2,52,5-13,52-2-1-
52414,1Gomati Irrigation SystemAt the headwork there wascement structure which was badly damaged by flood in 1993. At present there is gabion box at the headwork.3,54000,4-2,54000,4-2,53000,412,5400-13-2-21-2-22161000rakteli kulo1DOI2,5-2,5-2,53,52,51,51,51,5-2,54,511101980.51,57,52,5-2.520,520,52,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Gomati khola2,5-21,52,5-13,527,52-2
52415,1Belkhu khola ko kuloSteep hills on the both sides, no permanent structure at the hearwork.3,52000,4-2,52000,4-2,5980,412,51500Mill ko kulo-2-2-21-2-2-251-2-22-22,5-2,5-2,53,52,51,51,52,5-2,54,5111018901,51,52,5-2.513,520,52,5-2,5-21,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Belkhu khola2,5-22,51,5-13,5402,5-2
52416,1Bhutpur kuloFlood damaged the system in 1961 and shifted the intake.A new canal was constructed in 1964.At present there is problem at the intake.4,55600,32,44000,31600,32400,312,5500Bagar ko kulo1-2-2-2-2-2-26-2-2-21CAREADB2,4-2,5-2,51,52,52,5-2,51,43,51,511001966.41,51,52,5-213132,5-2-21,5-2,5-2,5-1,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Rapti river2,5-22,54,5-13,512,5Heavy flood damaged the system in 1961 and farmers were forced to shift the intake of the canal upward.
52417,1Khamari Sirkula kulo-12,58625,44,54625,44600,4500,312,51000Dandakhori1-23-22-2-2-2125Damara Gaule1CAREADB2,4-2,4-2,52,42,51,53,42,4-2,43,4111019671,57,52,5-2.583,433,4-2,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,4-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Patu khola1,5Downstream users are extracting more water than their quota which is the main cause of conflicts.2,51,5-13,502,5-1
52418,1Bulbule Pahelpur KuloThe system has complementary relationship with the surrounding systems. No physical barriers appear to affect the system.2,56650,55,53000,33650,3300,48,5200Bhelahi-2-2-2-2-21-2-2-21500Bhittoria1ADBN/CARE2,4-2,5-2,53,51,52,4-2,52,4-2,51,51110>100 years1,51,51,5Duruwa Irrigation Scheme310,3375,232,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,5-2,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Guhar Khola1,5Dispute is with other smaller systems at the upstream. Though the water rigts are well defined, for these systems, yet upstream users extract water in excess of the amount they are entitled.1,52,5-11,501,5-1
52419,1Karkitar Amle irrigation systemExistence of steep hills, Problem of soil erosion.1,51000,41,51000,4300,450,412,5600Dhonde yakle kulo-2-2-2-2-21-22-2200Khalte kulo2-22,5-2,5-2,53,51,51,51,51,54,54,511101987.41,58,52,5-2.516,516,52,5-2,5-2.51,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Dandunge khola2,5-22,54,5-13,50,42,5-1
52420,1Pokharel fant ko kuloNo permanent structure at the headwork, no lining.3,51500,4-21500,4-2700,412,550Koirala fant ko kulo1-2-2-2-2-2-211400Ghatta ko kulo2ADB2,5-2-23,52,51,51,52,5-23,5111018901,51,52,5-225,425,42,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Thopal khola1,5-12,51,5-11,5-22,5-1
52421,1Thuli chaur- Sani chaur irrigation systemMajor part of the canal is lined and there is water storage facility. The headwork is tenporary.2,52920,43,52360,4590,4100,412,4-2-2-2-21-2-2-2-2-2-2300Shukha khola bandh1CAREADB1,4-2-23,41,52,5-22,4-22,41110> 100 years1,5-22,5-132,532,52,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Paschim khola1,5-22,54,5-13,502,5-1
52422,1Ghumna kulo-14,512900,49,54000,48900,4300,412,51000Kabadia kulo-2-2-2-222-2-21-2-21ADBCARE1,52,42,53,51,52,5-22,4-21,51110> 100 years1,51,52,5-1661002,5-2-11,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,54,5Bankatte ko drainage2,5No1,53,5-11,502,5-1
52423,1Gajuritar sinchai yojanaThe R.c.c Headwork was damaged by flood in 1993 and at present the headwork is temporary.3,54000,4-24000,4-2-112,5100Bagane kulo3-2-2-2-221501200Ghatte bish2-22,5-2-23,52,52,5-22,5-24,5111018901,51,52,5-211,411,42,5-2-21,5-2-21,5-2-21,51,51,5Galaundi khola2,5-22,51,5-13,5302,5-2
52424,1Balim kuloThe headwork is of Permanent cross regulator system, 1200 meters of the distribution canal is lined.2,529000,3250,34000,425000,41200,412,5500Baiyara kulo-2-25-2162-21700Rampur ko kulo1CAREADB2,5-2,5-2,51,41,52,4-2,51,51,53,51100> 300 years1,5-2,52,5-2266,4366,41,51,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Balim khola and Bhote dah2,5-21,53,5-13,5102,5This system was rehabilitated by the CAReADB in 1982.
52425,1Dhumdi kulo-14,538500,310,36000,329500,32000,312,55000Jogia Paragana kulo-2-21-2-2-2-21-21000Baruwa gaun kulo1CAREADB1,52,5-23,52,52,4-2,52,4-2,41,51110> 100 years1,51,52,5-1600,3600,3-2-2-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Rapti khola1,5-22,54,5-11,5-2,52,5-1
52426,1Gobardiha Badkapat kuloTemporary headwork, with partial lining. No water regulator. By constructing permanent headwork, the cropping intensity as well as service area can be increased.4,523000,39,515000,38000,3500,412,51000Jogia Praganna-222-2-2-2-2-221000Majhi Praganna1ILC/DOI2,4-2,5-2,53,43,52,4-2,41,4-2,51,51110>150 years1,51,52,5-1900-2,52,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Rapti river1,5no dispute.2,54,5-13,56002,5-1
52427,1Fulika Irrigation SystemThe headwork and canal constructed by the ILC lie below the farmers field level. This being the problem, farmers have been using the pumpsets to uplift the water for irrigation.5,54250,43,52500,41750,4500,412,53000Basauli-2-2-2-2-23-2-2-25000Imiliya1ILC2,4-2,5-2,53,51,51,52,42,4-2,51,51110> 500 years ago1,51,52,5-1210-2,52,5-2,5-11,5-2,5-2,51,5-2,5-2,51,51,51,5Hudrahawa2,5No dispute.1,52,5-11,5-2,52,5-1
52428,1Bahurah Kulo-14,53400,45,53000,4400,42500,412,42000Dovai Kulo-2-24-2-211-21-2-21ADB/CARE2,5-2,5-2,53,51,52,5-2,52,4-2,51,51110>150 years ago1,51,52,5-254-1-2-2-11,5-2,5-2,51,51,5-2,51,51,51,5Bauraha Khola-2,5No dispute.1,52,5-13,51,52,5-1